How to treat advanced kidney cancer?

How to treat late-stage kidney cancer? The main treatment for kidney cancer is surgical resection. The effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are not ideal and are not certain. Statistics show that kidney cancer combined with radiotherapy has no effect on 5-year survival.

How to treat advanced kidney cancer

Kidney cancer surgery: Kidney cancer surgery is divided into simple nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy. It is currently recognized that radical nephrectomy can improve the survival rate. Radical nephrectomy includes the perinephric fascia and its contents - perinephric fat, kidney and adrenal gland. There is still controversy about whether to perform local lymph node dissection in radical nephrectomy. Some believe that lymph node metastasis often has hematogenous metastasis, and cases with lymph node metastasis will eventually have hematogenous metastasis. The lymph nodes are widely distributed and difficult to clear. However, some people believe that lymph node metastasis is mainly near the renal hilum; the inferior vena cava and aorta area can be radically removed, but radical lymph node dissection surgery finds metastatic lesions, and few people survive for more than 5 years. During kidney cancer surgery, we should try to ligate the renal artery and renal vein first, which can reduce bleeding during surgery and possible tumor spread. Kidney cancer is a multi-vascular tumor, often with large collateral veins, and surgery is prone to bleeding and difficult to control. Therefore, during surgery for larger tumors, selective renal artery embolization can be performed before surgery, but it can cause severe pain, fever, intestinal paralysis, infection, etc. and should not be used routinely.

Special Issues in the Treatment of Kidney Cancer:

(1) Kidney cancer surgery that preserves kidney tissue: Kidney cancer surgery that preserves kidney tissue is performed for cases such as bilateral kidney cancer or solitary kidney cancer, and poor contralateral kidney function such as renal vascular hypertension, kidney stones, renal tuberculosis, and ureteropelvic stenosis. Kidney cancer that is small (<3 cm in diameter) and located at the edge of the kidney can also be considered for kidney tissue preservation surgery. The surgical method is partial nephrectomy, and the tumor can also be removed by puncturing.

(2) Tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava: Renal cancer is prone to tumor thrombus in the renal vein and inferior vena cava. In recent years, it is believed that if no local or distant metastasis is found, the tumor thrombus in the vein or the inferior vena cava can be removed at the same time during radical renal resection, and the prognosis is still good. During surgery, the inferior vena cava should be blocked above the level of the thrombus to avoid fatal pulmonary embolism. If the thrombus extends to the heart, the inferior vena cava can be blocked in the pericardium, and then the inferior vena cava can be cut open to remove the thrombus.

The above is a brief introduction to "How to treat late-stage kidney cancer?" For people who are related to the pathogenic factors of kidney cancer, it is recommended to take preventive measures for kidney cancer and carry out specific treatment according to the doctor's instructions. I hope that patients can recover soon! If you have other questions about kidney cancer, please consult our experts online or call for consultation.

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