How to understand the pathology of rectal cancer

In recent years, rectal cancer has become one of the major diseases that endangers society and human health, and it has brought great pain and distress to humans. In order to reduce the incidence of rectal cancer, we humans should master the pathology of rectal cancer:

① Early rectal cancer: Early rectal cancer refers to lesions limited to the rectal mucosa and submucosa. Generally, there is no lymph node metastasis. However, if the tumor invades the submucosa, about 5% to 10% may have local lymph node metastasis. The general findings can be divided into 3 types: A. Polypoid type: The appearance is a local raised mucosa, which may have a pedicle, a subpedicle, or a broad base. This type is mostly intramucosal cancer; B. Flat raised type: The mucosa is slightly thick, the surface is not raised or slightly raised, and it is coin-shaped; C. Flat raised with ulcers.

② Middle and late stage rectal cancer: Middle and late stage rectal cancer refers to cancer tissue infiltration beyond the submucosal layer, reaching the muscular layer and serosa, often accompanied by local lymph node metastasis. It can be divided into 3 types: A. Protruding type: characterized by tumor growth into the intestinal cavity, cauliflower-like or polyp-like, with clear boundaries, and two types: pedunculated and broad-based; B. Ulcer type: also known as localized ulcer type, crater-like, irregular in shape, with raised edges. This type of tumor tissue grows deep into the intestinal wall, easily invading adjacent organs and viscera or causing perforation;

③ Infiltrative type: Infiltrative growth is the characteristic of this type, which can be clinically divided into two subtypes, namely infiltrative ulcerative type and diffuse infiltrative type. In the former, the tumor infiltrates deep into the intestinal wall, with unclear boundaries with the surrounding area; in the latter, the tumor mainly infiltrates and grows in the intestinal wall, with obvious fibrous tissue reaction, which can easily cause annular stenosis of the intestinal tube. This type is more malignant, with early lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.

The above is the pathology of rectal cancer. Expert Tips: If you have symptoms of disease, do not delay diagnosis and go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation.

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