Rupture of aorta

Blood is the most important part of the human body. Once blood disease occurs, timely treatment is needed. The aorta is the main blood artery in the human body. If injured, it can be life-threatening, so you need to be careful not to injure the aorta no matter what you do. But sometimes people cannot predict what will happen to them, so what should they do if an aorta ruptures?

Aortic dissection is the result of the interaction between abnormal aortic media structure and abnormal hemodynamics. When the aorta is structurally abnormal, it is prone to aortic rupture. Common factors include: Marfan syndrome, congenital cardiovascular malformations, idiopathic aortic media degeneration, aortic atherosclerosis, aortic inflammatory disease, etc. The well-known American female volleyball player Hyman and male volleyball player Zhu Gang both fell on the sports field due to these reasons. When hemodynamics changes, it is also easy to cause damage to the arterial wall.

The most common cause is hypertension, and almost all patients with aortic dissection have poorly controlled hypertension. In other words, the control of hypertension has a comprehensive impact on the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of aortic dissection, and is the most basic and most important means of treatment and prevention. Pregnancy is another high-risk factor, which is associated with hemodynamic changes during pregnancy. Among women who develop the disease before age 40, 50% occur during pregnancy. The male to female incidence ratio of aortic dissection is 2 to 5:1; the common age of onset is 45 to 70 years old, and the youngest patient reported so far is only 13 years old.

There are currently two main classification methods in medicine based on the location of the intimal rupture of aortic dissection and the extent of the dissection. The most widely used is the three-type classification proposed by Professor DeBakey et al. in 1965. Type I: Aortic dissection involves the ascending aorta, the descending aorta and even the abdominal aorta. Type II: Aortic dissection involves only the ascending aorta. Type III: Aortic dissection involves the descending aorta. If it does not involve the abdominal aorta downward, it is type IIIA; if it involves the abdominal aorta downward, it is type IIIB. In 1970, Professor Daily of Stanford University and others proposed another classification method based mainly on the location of the proximal intimal tear: Stanford type A: equivalent to DeBakey types I and II, Stanford type B: equivalent to DeBakey type III.