What causes infertility? Why does infertility occur?

Infertility not only brings physical and mental torture to couples, but also increases the instability of the family. If not handled properly, the family may break up. Therefore, understanding the causes of infertility and taking preventive measures can be said to be an important aspect of maintaining the relationship between couples.

Causes in women include:

1. Pelvic factors: accounting for about 35% of the causes of infertility, including: fallopian tube abnormalities, chronic salpingitis causing fimbria atresia, or fallopian tube mucosal destruction; pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.; the typical symptoms of endometriosis are pelvic pain and infertility; endometrial lesions; uterine fibroids; genital tumors; reproductive tract malformations, including uterine malformations, congenital fallopian tube malformations, etc.

2. Ovulation disorder: accounting for 25%-35%. The main causes are: persistent anovulation; polycystic ovary syndrome; premature ovarian failure, ovarian dysfunction; congenital gonadal dysplasia; hypogonadotropic gonadal dysfunction; hyperprolactinemia; luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, etc.

Causes in men include:

1. Abnormal semen: Normal sexual function, abnormal semen caused by congenital or acquired reasons, manifested as azoospermia, asthenospermia, oligospermia, sperm development stagnation, teratospermia, etc.

2. Abnormal sexual function: Poor development of external genitalia or erectile dysfunction, anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, etc., which make it impossible for sperm to be ejaculated into the vagina normally, can cause male infertility.

3. Immune factors: When the immune barrier of the male reproductive tract is destroyed, sperm and seminal plasma produce anti-sperm antibodies in the body, causing the ejaculated sperm to agglutinate and unable to pass through the cervical mucus.

Unexplained infertility: an infertility factor that may exist in both men and women at the same time. It accounts for about 10%-20% of the causes of infertility and is a state of subfertility. Possible causes include immune factors, potential oocytes, abnormal egg quality, fertilization disorders, hidden fallopian tube factors, implantation failure, genetic defects, etc., but it cannot be diagnosed using current testing methods.