Knowledge about infectious diseases

As we all know, among all kinds of diseases, the most serious one is actually infectious disease. If someone in life carries an infectious virus, it will be transmitted to people around them. So, how can we avoid contracting infectious diseases? We need to pay special attention to some problems in our daily lives. Today we will tell you about some relevant knowledge about infectious diseases.

1. Wash your hands frequently. Did you know that microorganisms can live on inert surfaces for anywhere from a few minutes to a few months? Imagine if these disease-causing microorganisms could live on computer keyboards, electrical switches, or even on sidewalk handrails!

Surprisingly, most people don’t know that effective hand washing is the best preventive measure. The CDC recommends washing hands thoroughly with soap and water, then drying them with a paper towel. In places where running water is not available, alcohol-based gels can suffice for hand washing, although they are not as effective as soap and water.

2. Do not share personal items. Toothbrushes, towels, razors, handkerchiefs and nail clippers can all be sources of infectious agents (bacteria, viruses and fungi). In kindergarten, children are usually taught to share toys but learn to control their hands. Try to remember not to share your personal belongings with others.

Why is this important even when you are not sick? Because for most infections, the disease-causing microorganisms begin growing and dividing long before symptoms appear. Coughing or sneezing can spread these germs through the air. It is recommended to cover your mouth with your arms or sleeves rather than your hands.

4. Get a flu shot. The human immune system is designed to "remember" previous infections. When the body encounters a microorganism that previously caused an infection, it increases production of white blood cells and antibodies to prevent a second infection. Therefore, by vaccinating, you can trick the body into thinking it has been infected with certain microorganisms before, thereby improving its defenses against infectious diseases.

5. Use safe cooking methods. Poor food preparation and eating habits are often the cause of foodborne illness. In fact, microorganisms love all foods, especially when they are kept at room temperature.

Refrigeration slows or stops the growth of most microorganisms. Use separate cutting boards for cooked and raw foods, and make sure to wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.

7. Practice safe sex. Sexually transmitted diseases are probably the most preventable infectious diseases. Being smart about safe sex (using condoms) can prevent the spread of infectious bacteria or viruses from one person to another.

8. Don’t pick your nose (or mouth or eyes). It is not only a social taboo, but also leads to the spread of various diseases. If you look around you, you’ll notice many people putting their hands on their faces. Many microbes prefer the warm and moist environment of the nose, as well as the mucous membrane-covered surfaces of the eyes and mouth. By avoiding touching these areas, infectious diseases can be easily prevented.

9. Be cautious when interacting with animals. Diseases transmitted from animals to humans are called "zoonotic diseases" and they are more common and widespread than people realize. If you have pets, make sure they get regular checkups and are up to date on their vaccinations.

10. Watch the news. Having a good understanding of current events can help you make informed decisions about travel and other recreational activities. For example, the bird flu outbreak in Asia is worthy of your attention.