The efficacy and function of five-step snake

There are many species of venomous snakes in the world, especially in the south. There are more species of venomous snakes in warmer places. The five-step snake is one of the most poisonous snakes. The venom of this snake can kill a person instantly. To put it in an exaggerated way, after being bitten by this snake, the poison will take effect after taking five steps. Five steps is just used to describe the speed of the poison taking effect. So what are the effects and functions of five steps?

Five-step snake function:

Five-step snake has the functions of eliminating rheumatism, penetrating tendons and bones, and calming convulsions. It is used to treat rheumatic paralysis, joint pain, leprosy, scabies, convulsions in children, tetanus, syphilis, scrofula and malignant ulcers. ① "Leigong Paozhi Lun": Treats wind. ② "Medicine Properties";

The efficacy of five-step snake

Five-step snake pharmacological effects:

The effects of snake venom from five-step snakes and vipers are very complex, and it is generally believed that they are mainly blood-circulating toxins. After being bitten by a five-step snake, local swelling, pain, ecchymosis, and ulceration may occur; massive hemolysis, bleeding, hemoptysis, water and electrolyte imbalance may occur throughout the body. The poisoning symptoms in severe cases are similar to histamine shock, with a rapid drop in blood pressure, leading to respiratory and cardiac arrest and death. This kind of blood pressure reduction is related to the release of histamine (as well as 5-hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, etc.). Both clinical patients and experimental animals have electrocardiogram and pathological changes indicating acute myocardial damage. Acute hemolysis causes hyperkalemia and also leads to acute heart failure. The most prominent are blood coagulation and extensive bleeding. In terms of the mechanism of action, the venom of this type of snake is opposite to that of cobra and pit viper venom. It does not oppose blood coagulation, but promotes blood coagulation.

For example, the venom of the atragus has a thrombin-like effect (it also has antithrombin and fibrinolytic effects), and the venom of the viper has a thrombin-like effect (it acts on factor X). They can precipitate the fibrinogen in plasma into fibrin, forming micro blood clots that are deposited in the plasma. Later, these fibrin micro-clots are dissolved by the action of plasmin. Due to the depletion of fibrinogen, the blood loses its coagulation and the bleeding becomes difficult to stop (defibrin syndrome). Most viper venoms contain a "hemorrhagic toxin," a protein with low proteolytic activity and no enzymatic activity, and a "vasotoxic toxin," which damages the vascular system (particularly the lungs), causing significant systemic bleeding as well as local hemorrhagic edema. It was also reported that the injection made from the five-step snake (also known as the white flower snake, usually the body of a young snake) can treat hypertension and can also produce a significant antihypertensive effect in anesthetized dogs. According to the analysis of the results of acute animal tests, its antihypertensive effect mainly comes from direct dilation of blood vessels. It has a sedative, hypnotic, and certain analgesic effects on mice. Slow waves with high amplitude may appear on the rabbit's electroencephalogram, indicating an inhibitory effect. Its toxicity is very low.

The venom of the Bungarus spp. is a potent neurotoxin. Unlike the serious local symptoms of poisoning by cobra, pit viper, etc., after being bitten by a silver flower snake, only local numbness occurs, and the patient initially suffers from mental paralysis. Once neurological symptoms occur, respiratory paralysis may occur in severe cases. If rescue is not done properly, it often results in death. The cause of respiratory paralysis is generally believed to be peripheral curare-like effects, which occur slowly and are also slow to recover or difficult to recover; the antagonistic effect of anticholinesterase drugs is not obvious. In addition, Bungarus has another type of snake venom, namely, beta-buzzard toxin (f1--Bungartoxin), which is different from cobra neurotoxin (C0-brotoxin), alpha-buzzard toxin ((α--Bungarotoxin) or curare, and acts on the presynaptic site, that is, inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings. Bungarus venom not only has an inhibitory effect on the respiratory muscles and nervous system, especially the respiratory center, but also has a significant inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal function (gastrointestinal paralysis). Heart failure or shock generally does not occur before respiratory paralysis occurs, but in critical cases, severe myocardial damage may also occur. Therefore, during rescue, it is also necessary to actively prevent the occurrence of circulatory failure.

Anti-cancer mechanism of white flower snake: In vitro measurement by fluorescence microscopy confirmed that this product has anti-leukemia cell effect.