A hard lump on your lower abdomen?

It is a very common phenomenon to have hard lumps on the lower abdomen. Many people have had similar symptoms. Generally speaking, hard lumps on the lower abdomen are likely to be caused by inflammatory infection. It is best to disinfect with iodine tincture in time and do a good job of local care. Try to eat light food, eat more nutritious foods, avoid spicy and irritating foods, keep the skin of the affected area clean and hygienic, and prevent infection and inflammation.

What causes inflammation?

Biological factors

There are many causes of inflammation, including bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, mycoplasma, fungi, etc. Inflammation caused by biological pathogens is called infection.

Exotoxins and endotoxins produced by bacteria can directly damage tissues; viruses replicate in infected cells, causing cell necrosis; certain antigenic pathogens damage tissues by inducing immune responses after infection, such as parasitic infections and tuberculosis.

Physical factors

High temperature, low temperature, radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and mechanical damage.

Chemical factors

Exogenous chemicals such as strong acids, strong alkalis, turpentine, mustard gas, etc. Endogenous toxic substances such as decomposition products of necrotic tissue and metabolic products that accumulate in the body under certain pathological conditions, such as urea.

foreign body

Some clothing that enters the body can also cause inflammation. For example, wood chips, dust particles, surgical sutures, metal, etc. These can all lead to varying degrees of inflammation.

Necrotic tissue

Ischemia or hypoxia can cause tissue necrosis, which is a potential inflammatory factor. The congested hemorrhagic bands and infiltration of inflammatory cells at the edge of fresh infarction are manifestations of inflammation.

allergy

When the body's immune response is abnormal, it can cause inappropriate or excessive immune responses, resulting in tissue and cell damage and leading to inflammation.

Tissue damage caused by immune response is most common in various types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I allergic reactions such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria, type II allergic reactions such as anti-basement membrane glomerulonephritis, type III allergic reactions such as glomerulonephritis caused by immune complex deposition, type IV allergic reactions such as tuberculosis and typhoid fever; in addition, there are many autoimmune diseases such as lymphocytic thyroiditis and ulcerative colitis.

Manifestations of inflammation

red

This is due to local congestion. Due to arterial congestion, the local oxygenated hemoglobin increases, which will appear bright red. Later, as inflammation develops, the oxygenated hemoglobin decreases, and the local tissue will turn dark red.

swell

In acute inflammation, local swelling is obvious, which is mainly caused by local congestion and inflammatory edema. Chronic inflammation is often caused by local hyperplasia.

hot

It is caused by local arterial congestion and enhanced metabolism, leading to increased heat production. It manifests as the temperature of the inflamed area on the body surface being higher than the surrounding tissues. It is not obvious when the internal organs are inflamed.

pain

Local pain during inflammation is related to many factors: ① The local decomposition metabolism of inflammation is enhanced, potassium ions and hydrogen ions accumulate, and stimulate nerve endings to cause pain; ② The effects of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, bradykinin and other pain-causing substances; ③ Inflammatory exudation, local swelling, compression and traction of nerve endings cause pain, etc.

Dysfunction

During inflammation, factors such as parenchymal cell degeneration, necrosis, metabolic disorders, compression or mechanical obstruction of inflammatory exudates can all cause dysfunction of tissues and organs. For example, in viral hepatitis, liver cell degeneration and necrosis can cause liver dysfunction. In addition, pain can also affect function. For example, acute knee inflammation can limit knee joint movement due to pain.

Systemic reactions

Inflammatory lesions mainly occur locally, but local lesions are not isolated. They are affected by the functional state of the body and affect the whole body at the same time.

fever

Fever is more common in inflammation caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Fever is often prominent in infectious inflammation, especially when the pathogen spreads into the blood. Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin E produced by white blood cells can cause sympathetic nerve excitement, causing skin blood vessels to constrict, reducing heat dissipation and causing fever.

White blood cell changes

During inflammation, the bone marrow is stimulated by pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, metabolic products of the inflammatory area and products of white blood cell breakdown, which increases the production of white blood cells and increases the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood. This is a defensive response of the body.