Nursing measures for fluid deficiency

We often say that people are made of water, and we also often say that we should drink 8 glasses of water every day. In fact, this is replenishing body fluids. Human body fluids include blood, saliva, sweat, etc. Body fluids play an important role in maintaining people's normal life activities. For example, the biggest danger for burn patients during treatment is the massive loss of body fluids, which requires timely fluid replacement. So what are the nursing measures for fluid deficiency?

1. Maintaining normal body fluids

1. Correction methods for fluid deficiency: formulate a fluid replacement plan and ensure fluid intake.

(1) How much compensation should be paid?

The body's fluids can be replenished according to physiological needs. A normal human body requires 2000-2500 ml of body fluids per day. In addition, the cumulative loss can be the amount of fluid the patient has lost from the onset of the disease to the time of consultation. During treatment, continued fluid losses can be replaced.

The key to correcting fluid disorders lies in the treatment on the first day. The amount of infusion should be adjusted at any time according to the condition of the patient.

The amount of fluid replenished on the first day = physiological requirements + 1/2 of the cumulative loss.

The amount of fluid replenished on the second day = physiological needs + continued loss on the previous day + part of the cumulative loss.

The amount of fluid replenished on the 3rd day = physiological requirements + continued loss on the previous day.

(2) What to supplement

During the process of rehydration, you can supplement according to the body's needs and replenish what the body lacks.

(3) How to make up

The principles of fluid replacement are salt first, then sugar, crystals first, then gels, fast first, then slow, and potassium supplementation when urine flow smoothly.

2. Correction of excess body fluid:

During the replenishment process, try to limit water intake to avoid excessive body fluids.

2. Fluid replacement observation and monitoring

1. Biochemical index determination and electrocardiogram monitoring

2. Changes in blood pressure and central venous pressure.

3. Weight change: Does the patient with excess water lose weight?

4. Observe whether the amount of urine increases.

5. Whether vital signs are stable.

5. If you experience less urine and thirst, you must improve the situation in time.

6. Clear mental state and cooperation indicate normal fluid replacement.

Fluid deficiency:

1. Insufficient body fluids: related to reduced intake

Nursing measures:

1. If there is pain in the throat or mouth, provide hot or cold drinks, give warm salt water or rinse the mouth with anesthetic before drinking;

2. Understand the patient's medication status, whether he or she is taking any drugs that may cause dehydration (such as diuretics), and whether he or she needs to increase fluid intake;

3. Provide health education and inform patients and their families of the necessity of drinking a certain amount of water during exercise, fever, infection and high temperature; teach patients or their families how to observe dehydration and how to increase fluid intake.

2. Insufficient body fluids: related to excessive loss of body fluids

Nursing measures:

1. Patients with fever can keep their body temperature below 38.4℃ by taking warm water baths or taking medicines to keep the room temperature low; if the body temperature is extremely high, ice packs can be placed on the arteries to cool it down;

2. For patients with digestive tract drainage, flush the stomach tube with normal saline, maintain electrolyte balance, and provide regular oral care;

3. Health education: avoid sudden or excessive exposure to excessive heat, sunlight or excessive exercise; increase fluid intake in hot weather;

4. Ensure fluid intake for patients with diarrhea and vomiting, formulate a fluid replacement plan, and maintain water and electrolyte balance.