What are the humoral immune cell immunity examination items?

For parents with children, the biggest fear is that their baby will get sick. However, some children are more prone to illness than ordinary children, forcing parents to shuttle back and forth between home and the hospital almost every day. In fact, the main reason why babies are prone to illness is that their immunity is too poor. It is recommended that parents can have their children undergo an immune test to fully understand the cause of their baby's illness. The following is a detailed introduction to the cellular immune test items.

Cellular immune examination: examination of cells involved in or related to the immune response. Including lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, accessory cells, and their precursor cells. The main tests include lymphocyte conversion test, FBC rosette test, T lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte toxicity test and NK cell activity assay.

Abnormal results:

1. T lymphocytes: can be used for T lymphocyte counting, classification of T lymphocyte subsets and determination of the degree of activation of T lymphocytes. The CD3 molecule is expressed on the surface of all mature T lymphocytes and is an important marker of total T lymphocytes. CD3+ is commonly seen in hyperthyroidism, lymphocytic thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis and rejection after organ transplantation. It is mainly seen in immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS, congenital thymic dysgenesis syndrome and combined immunodeficiency disease. It can also be seen in malignant tumors, SLE, immunosuppressant treatment, etc.

2. B lymphocytes: Increased SmIg+ cells: often associated with malignant proliferation of B cells, mainly seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia and macroglobulinemia. Decreased SmIg+ cells: Mainly related to humoral immunity deficiency, commonly seen in sex-linked immunoglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency, etc.

People who need to be examined: People with weakened immunity and those with defective cellular immunity can be examined.

[Normal values ​​of cellular immunity examination] Generally negative results. Some tests are within a certain reference value range.

Immunoglobulins

IgG

【Normal value】IgG8.44-19.12g/L

Clinical significance

1. Age has a certain relationship with the Ig content in the blood.

2. Immunoglobulin abnormalities

(1) HypoIgemia: There are two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital hypoIgemia is mainly seen in humoral immunity deficiency and combined immunodeficiency. One situation is complete Ig deficiency, such as Bruton type agemia, in which IgG in the blood is <1g/L, and the levels of IgA and IgM are also significantly reduced. Another situation is the lack of one or two of the three Ig. The most common deficiency is IgA, which makes patients susceptible to recurrent respiratory tract infections; IgG deficiency makes patients susceptible to purulent infections; and IgM deficiency makes patients susceptible to Gram-negative bacterial sepsis. Acquired hypoIgemia, with serum IgG <5g/L, has many causes, such as diseases with large protein loss (exfoliative dermatitis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, nephrotic syndrome); lymphoreticular system tumors (lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease); toxic bone marrow disease, etc.

(2) Hyperimmune disease infection: Various infections, especially chronic bacterial infections, can cause elevated Ig. In cases of chronic osteomyelitis and chronic lung abscess, blood IgG may increase. During intrauterine infection, the IgM level in umbilical cord blood or neonatal serum two days after birth may be >0.2g/L or >0.3g/L. Patients with autoimmune diseases and liver diseases (chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, latent cirrhosis) may have elevated levels of all three types of Ig. Chronic active hepatitis IgG and IgM are significantly elevated. Elevated Ig is common in various connective tissue diseases. In SLE, the increase of IgG, IgA or IgG, IgM is more common; in rheumatoid arthritis, the increase of IgM is the main feature.

M proteinemia: mainly seen in plasma cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, etc.

Immunoglobulin A

【Normal value】0.6-3.4g/L (turbidimeter method).

[Analytical variation] The coefficient of variation of the turbidimeter method is CV=8%.

Biological variation

1. Increased socio-economic factors (black race) can increase the risk by about 20%-75%, for people aged 60-80 years old it can increase by about 15%-60%, and the rainy season is about 20% higher than the dry season. Exercise increases the risk by about 14%, and winter is about 10%-14% higher than summer. The risk of obesity in obese women increases by about 30%, and in obese men by about 4%-30%.

2. The newborn baby's risk is significantly reduced by 98%-100%, the 3-5 year old child's risk is reduced by about 50%, the oral contraceptive pill's risk is reduced by about 11%-40%, and the pregnancy risk is increased by about 20%.

【Drug effects】

L-asparagine receptor enzymes increase the synthesis of IgA in the liver by about 30%-60%. If alcoholics continue to drink, their IgA may increase.

Methylprednisolone caused a significant decrease in IgA in 43% of cases. People who are occupationally exposed to toluene, xylene and benzene have significantly reduced IgA, and alcoholics can reduce it after one year of quitting drinking. Dextran causes a decrease in IgA.

Pathological variation

1. Elevated levels are seen in multiple myeloma, α-heavy chain disease, benign hypoproteinemia, alcoholic cirrhosis, active chronic hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatism, infectious diseases and vaccination.

2. Decreased levels are seen in small intestinal disease, kidney disease, cancer, kwashiorkor malnutrition, iatrogenic hypogammaglobulinemia, primary hypogammaglobulinemia, and agammaglobulinemia.

IgM

[Normal value] IgM 0.5-1.96g/L

Immunoglobulin D

【Normal value】IgDxxg/L

The biological function of IgD has not been fully elucidated. The IgD level in serum is elevated in late pregnancy, heavy smokers, and patients with IgD myeloma.

Immunoglobulin E

【Normal value】IgExxg/L

Serum IgE levels are elevated in patients with allergic diseases, parasitic infections, acute or chronic hepatitis, IgE myeloma, SLE, and rheumatoid arthritis.