What are the main manifestations of macroglobulinemia

Macroglobulinemia mainly manifests itself in the elderly, who often suffer from anemia, abnormal bleeding, and renal insufficiency. It can also cause people to become increasingly thin, weak all over, and often feel that their bodies lack energy. Severe cases can affect the development of vision and cause visual impairment. When looking at things, they will become weak due to nerve interference and frequent bleeding, causing blurred vision and difficulty walking. These two aspects can be treated with medication first. If medication is ineffective, diet therapy can be used. In life, it is better to pay attention to food, which will not cause great harm to the body. You can also eat healthily and improve your health in the process of eating.

Symptoms and signs

1. Clinical manifestations

The patients are elderly and suffer from anemia, bleeding, hyperviscosity, renal insufficiency, etc. In addition, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss are common symptoms.

2. Domestic diagnostic criteria

1. Clinical manifestations

(1) Unexplained anemia and bleeding tendency in elderly patients

(2) Central and/or peripheral nervous system symptoms

(3) Visual impairment

(4) Raynaud phenomenon

(5) Enlarged liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

2. Laboratory examination

(1) Monoclonal IgM in serum>30/L

(2) Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia may occur, and a small number of atypical plasma cells may appear in the periphery

(3) Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

(4) Increased blood viscosity

(5) Retinal hemorrhage or varicose veins

Treatment

Patients often require years of treatment. If hyperviscosity is present, initial treatment involves lowering serum viscosity with plasmapheresis (plasma exchange), which is rapid and effective in correcting bleeding and neurologic abnormalities caused by high IgM. Plasma exchange therapy often needs to be repeated.

Some patients need long-term oral alkylating agents. Chlorambucil is often used, 0.03~0.09 mg/kg per day, or a higher dose of 0.25 mg/kg per day for 4 days, once every 4 to 6 weeks. But it can cause bone marrow toxicity. Phenylalanine mustard and cyclophosphamide, which are used to treat multiple myeloma, can also be used alone, and oral prednisone (1 mg/kg per day for 4 days, once every 4 to 6 weeks) may be beneficial. Recent studies have reported encouraging results with the purine antagonists fludarabine and 2-chlorodeoxyadenine and suggest alternative treatments for patients who do not respond to standard oral alkylating agents. In some cases, interferon can reduce M protein.

Diet and health care

1) Ingredients for duck rack soup: 1 pair of duck rack.

Seasoning: salt and a little MSG.

practice:

①Boil water in a pot, add the duck rack and simmer over low heat for about 15 minutes; ②Add salt and MSG to taste and cook for a while.

2) Ingredients for black chicken and wolfberry soup: half a black chicken, wolfberry, coriander, onion and ginger in appropriate amounts. Seasoning: appropriate amounts of chicken essence, salt and vinegar.

practice:

① Wash and chop the coriander, green onion and ginger and set aside. Clean the black-bone chicken and put it into a casserole. Add the above ingredients, add appropriate amount of water, bring to a boil, pour in vinegar and simmer for 2 hours.

② Add salt and sprinkle a little coriander after serving.

3) Lotus root and pork ribs soup ingredients: 250 grams of pork ribs, 300 grams of lotus root, and appropriate amount of ginger. Seasoning: salt and vinegar as appropriate Method:

① Wash all the ingredients, slice the ginger, remove the lotus root slices, wash and cut into thick slices, and soak them in water to prevent oxidation;

②Blanche the ribs first, then rinse them, put them into a casserole with lotus root and ginger slices, add boiling water and bring to a boil, drizzle a little vinegar, simmer on low heat for about 2 hours, and add salt to taste.

Preventive Care

Because the cause of the disease is unclear, there are currently no effective preventive measures.

Pathological etiology

The exact cause of the disease is still unclear. Primary macroglobulinemia can occur in families and identical twins. It is speculated that it may be related to genetic factors. The role of environmental factors and viral infections, such as hepatitis virus infection, in the pathogenesis of primary macroglobulinemia is still unclear.

Disease diagnosis

For some more serious cases, it should be differentiated from multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma.

Inspection method

The following tests are required for this disease:

1. Routine blood test

2. Routine bone marrow examination

3. Cytochemical Staining

4. Serum immunological examination

5. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

6. Urine test

7. Kidney function test

8. Cryoglobulin test