How to deal with venous bleeding in an emergency

Venous bleeding means that the blood flowing out is dark red, and the bleeding rate is in a continuous state. When venous bleeding occurs, it should be stopped in time. If you have iodine or alcohol, first disinfect the wound area, and then prepare sterilized gauze to cover the wound. This will stop the bleeding. Of course, for larger wounds, you must go to the hospital for emergency treatment in time. Compared with arterial bleeding, the flow rate of venous bleeding is relatively slow, and it is not as harmful as arterial bleeding. Of course, you need to know some ways to stop bleeding to avoid causing greater harm to your health.

(1) General hemostasis method: For small wound bleeding, you can use normal saline to rinse and disinfect the affected area, then cover it with multiple layers of sterile gauze and tie it tightly with a bandage. Note: If there is a lot of hair on the affected area, it should be cut or shaved during treatment.

(2) Packing hemostasis method: Stuff and press the sterilized gauze, cotton pad, or first aid kit into the wound, and wrap it with a bandage or triangular bandage, with the tightness appropriate to stop the bleeding.

(3) Finger pressure hemostasis method: In an emergency, use your fingers, palms or fists to press the proximal end of the bleeding artery against the bone surface according to the distribution of the arteries to block the blood flow and temporarily stop the bleeding. Note: This method is only suitable for emergency treatment of arterial bleeding in the head, face, neck and limbs, and the pressure time should not be too long.

(4) Flexion and padding method for hemostasis: When bleeding occurs in the forearm or calf, gauze pads, cotton balls, towels, clothes, etc. can be placed in the elbow fossa and popliteal fossa, and the joint can be flexed and fixed with a triangular bandage in an 8-shape to fix the limb in the flexed position. This can control the blood flow distal to the joint (Figure 18-9). However, it cannot be used by those with fractures or joint dislocations.

(5) Tourniquet hemostasis method: generally used for bleeding from large arteries in the limbs. Rubber tourniquet to stop bleeding: The commonly used tourniquet is a rubber tube about three feet long. The method is: with your palm facing up, hold one end of the tourniquet with your thumb and index finger, tighten it with one hand, wrap it around the limb twice, clamp the end of the tourniquet with your middle and index fingers, pull it down along the limb with force, and press down the "remaining head" to prevent it from slipping. Be careful to use a pad when using a tourniquet and do not apply it directly to the skin. Loosen the tourniquet for 2 to 3 minutes every 45 minutes, and slowly replace it with acupressure when loosening it. Cloth bandage tightening hemostasis method: fold the triangular bandage into a bandage shape, tie a slipknot, take a small stick and pass it through the outside of the bandage to tighten it, and then insert the tightened small stick into the small loop of the slipknot to fix it

The following points should be noted when using a tourniquet: ① The tourniquet should be placed above the wound (proximal end), as close to the wound as possible, but not in contact with the wound surface. ② The area where the tourniquet is applied must be padded with a bandage or cloth, or tied outside the clothes to avoid damaging the subcutaneous nerves. ③The tightness of the binding should be appropriate. If it is too tight, it will damage the nerves, and if it is too loose, it will not stop the bleeding. ④ The time of applying the tourniquet should be carefully recorded and it should be loosened every half an hour (in cold weather) or one hour for 1 to 2 minutes. If the binding time is too long, it may cause limb necrosis and renal failure.