What is the scope of ultrasonic testing

Ultrasonic testing is the use of ultrasound to detect and discover human lesions and symptoms. Ultrasonic testing is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases, especially in the area of ​​eugenics. It is a medical technology that has become popular. Women can detect fetal malformations as early as possible by undergoing regular ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. In addition to this, what is the scope of ultrasonic testing?

Ultrasonic testing scope:

1. The main targets of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging are infants, newborns and young children. It uses the fontanelles of infants and young children as "sound windows" to obtain real-time two-dimensional images of the internal structure of the brain, which is used to diagnose diseases such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hydrocephalus, cerebral hemorrhage, brain malformations, and developmental disorders in infants. With the development of instruments and the use of Doppler blood flow imaging, two-dimensional ultrasound has gradually been used in adult brain examinations of cerebral arterial vascular diseases, intracranial space-occupying lesions (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, etc.) and cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

2. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound detector (TCD) TCD is a continuous real-time color imaging and quantitative analysis technology that can measure the hemodynamic status of large and medium arteries in the intracranial and cervical regions within 8-10 cm. Used to detect diseases such as cerebral infarction (ischemic), subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, cerebral aneurysm and cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of superficial organs

It mainly includes diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, breast, eyes, testicles, scrotum, and maxillofacial area, as well as some lesions of the bones, limb muscle joints, and subcutaneous tissue fascia, such as hematoma, abscess, and tumor. Examination of organs in these areas requires the use of high-frequency probes (above 7.5 MHz, mostly 10-15 MHz) which have better resolution of fine structures.

1. Thyroid ultrasound diagnosis:

Ultrasonic diagnosis of simple, nodular and diffuse goiters (hyperthyroidism); thyroiditis, thyroid tumors (adenomas, cysts, thyroid cancer); parathyroid hyperplasia, cysts, adenomas and parathyroid cancer, etc.

2. Ultrasonic diagnosis of breast diseases:

Mastitis, lobular cystic hyperplasia of the breast, breast cysts, breast fibroadenomas and breast cancer. Because ultrasound is non-invasive, simple and easy to use, it is the preferred method for diagnosing breast cancer.

3. Ultrasonic diagnosis of eye diseases:

The eyes and eye sockets are located on the surface of the human body, with relatively simple anatomy, clear interfaces and less sound attenuation, making them one of the most suitable parts for ultrasonic detection. It is mainly used for pre- and post-operative monitoring of intraocular tumors, cataracts, retinal and choroidal detachment, intraocular hemorrhage, ocular foreign bodies or ocular trauma, and artificial lens implantation.

Ultrasound diagnosis of chest and abdomen

1. Diagnosis of chest diseases:

It includes the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thymic cysts, thymomas, teratomas and malignant teratomas in the anterior and superior mediastinum, lymph node tuberculosis and malignant lymphomas (lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease) and other masses; emphysema, atelectasis, lung abscesses and pulmonary parenchymal space-occupying lesions (lung cancer) in the lungs; pleural effusions, empyema, pleural tumors and other lesions.

2. Ultrasonic diagnosis of digestive system organs:

The main ones are liver, gallbladder, biliary system, gastrointestinal diseases, spleen and pancreas diseases. Such as common diffuse liver lesions (hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver fluke disease, etc.), liver abscesses, cysts and hematomas, echinococcosis, benign and malignant liver tumors (hepatic hemangioma, primary liver cancer, metastatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma); biliary inflammation, cholelithiasis, biliary ascariasis, biliary tumors (gallbladder cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer); acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, intestinal obstruction, intussusception and other diseases.

3.Ultrasound diagnosis of urinary and reproductive system:

Including the kidneys, adrenal glands, bladder, prostate, urethra and scrotum. Kidney or ureteral stones, renal failure, renal atrophy, renal hematoma, cysts, kidney and adrenal tumors (renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, chromocytoma); bladder stones, bladder tumors, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, urethral stones, urethral stenosis; scrotal hematoma, hydrocele, cryptorchidism, testicular tumors and epididymal tuberculosis and other diseases.

Ultrasound diagnosis of gynecology and obstetrics

1. Diseases of the uterus and its appendages (fallopian tubes, ovaries, etc.):

Intrauterine device exploration, uterine dysplasia, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, monitoring of follicular development, endometriosis, teratoma, ovarian serous or mucinous cystadenoma (cancer).

2. Diagnosis of pregnant uterus:

Monitoring of fetal growth, development, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta during early, mid and late normal pregnancy. Abnormal pregnancies include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, fetal growth retardation, fetal malformations (anencephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, gastrointestinal or urinary tract malformations, etc.), placenta previa, placental hemorrhage, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, umbilical cord around the neck, and trophoblastic diseases (hydatidiform mole, malignant hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, etc.).

Ultrasonic diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases

It includes routine echocardiography, morphological structure of the neck arteries and veins, abdominal arteries and veins, renal arteries, limb aortas and deep venous system, and hemodynamic examination. Echocardiography is a procedure in which an ultrasound probe is placed on the chest wall or in the esophagus to perform numerous cross-sectional scans of the heart and comprehensively analyze the position, shape, activity, and blood flow characteristics of each cardiac structure, thereby obtaining anatomical, physiological, pathological, and hemodynamic diagnostic data on cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the development of intraesophageal ultrasound, intravascular ultrasound, and cardiovascular three-dimensional ultrasound imaging technology has further broadened its scope of application and greatly improved the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

1. Congenital cardiovascular structural abnormalities, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, trilogy of Fallot, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, endocardial cushion defect, transposition of the great arteries, anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, congenital valvular leaflet malformation, etc.

2. Heart valve disease: a clear diagnosis can be made for heart valve stenosis, insufficiency, leaflet calcification, prolapse, perforation, annular calcification, vegetation attachment, leaflet malformation and other diseases.

3. It is used in hypertensive heart disease, cor pulmonale, hyperthyroid heart disease, cardiomyopathy, aortic dissecting aneurysm, aortic sinus aneurysm and rupture, coronary heart disease, cardiac tumors (myxoma, rhabdomyoma, secondary lung cancer, breast cancer, mediastinal tumor) and intracardiac thrombosis.

4. Lesions such as intimal lesions, plaque formation or stenosis of the carotid artery, abdominal aorta, renal artery and large arteries of the limbs; lesions such as thrombosis, dilatation and deformity of the veins of the head, neck, abdomen and limbs.