What is the treatment for spinal artery embolism?

Spinal artery embolism is a disease with a relatively high incidence in daily life. It has a great impact on the normal life of the human body. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand its treatment methods. So what is the treatment for spinal artery embolism? In fact, there are ten methods. The first one is to stay in bed and remain calm.

1. General treatment

① Bed rest and sedation. ② Maintain airway patency and heart function. ③Pay attention to nutritional status and maintain the balance of water and electrolytes. ④ Strengthen nursing care to prevent complications such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bedsores.

2. Dehydration reduces intracranial pressure

It is one of the main measures for treating cerebral embolism, aiming to reduce cerebral edema, prevent brain herniation, and reduce mortality. Commonly used are hypertonic dehydrating agents, diuretics and cortical hormones.

3. Vasodilators

Vasodilators are contraindicated if there is impaired consciousness, increased intracranial pressure or red blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid; they should not be used if the disease has lasted for more than 24 hours or if there is heart failure.

4. Antiplatelet aggregation agents

Preventing platelet aggregation helps prevent the formation of new blood clots in the heart and prevents blood clots in blood vessels from continuing to proliferate and expand. Therefore, it is important to use antiplatelet agents after a cerebral embolism occurs.

5. Anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy

The indications for anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy are stricter than those for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Considering that thrombolytics are prone to bleeding complications, they should be used with caution. Since cardiogenic cerebral embolism is the most common clinical cause, anticoagulant therapy is often used to prevent the formation of new thrombi in the heart to eliminate the source of thrombi, and to prevent the thrombi or parent thrombi in the cerebral blood vessels from continuing to grow in order to avoid the expansion of the scope of cerebral infarction. It is contraindicated in cases of cerebral embolism caused by inflammatory lesions, such as subacute infective endocarditis. Usually, under the condition of strict observation of blood coagulation time, prothrombin activity and time, heparin calcium (low molecular weight heparin) is given first for treatment. Neoselenolide can also be used, and the dosage should be adjusted at any time.

6. Cervical stellate sympathetic ganglion blockade

Some experts suggest that cervical stellate ganglion blockade can alleviate the symptoms of cerebral embolism. It is easy to operate and does not require special equipment or drugs, so it is often used. However, treatment should be carried out early. The earlier it is started, the better the effect will be. Clinically, it is common to see significant improvement within 24 hours of onset of the disease. It is contraindicated for patients with severe emphysema and should not be used if the patient has started anticoagulant treatment.

7. Neuroprotective Agents

Commonly used neuroprotective agents include: ① calcium channel blockers; ② excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists; ③ free radical scavengers; ④ neurotrophic factors; ⑤ gangliosides, etc.

8. Hypothermia treatment

In the acute phase, if conditions permit, appropriate early hypothermia treatment may be considered. Mild hypothermia also has a positive effect on ischemic brain damage. It not only reduces the degree of pathological damage after infarction, but also promotes the recovery of neurological function without causing serious complications. Try to give it within 6 hours of onset.

9. Rehabilitation

Starting early, after the condition stabilizes, actively educate patients on rehabilitation knowledge and general training methods, encourage patients to build confidence in regaining self-care, cooperate with medical and rehabilitation work, strive for early recovery, and at the same time assist with acupuncture, massage, physical therapy, etc. to reduce the disability rate and improve the quality of life.

10. Other treatments

① Adjust blood pressure; ② Brain metabolism activator; ③ Anti-infection treatment; ④ Gas embolism treatment.