What are the symptoms of chronic cystitis

Chronic bladder can also affect many patients, and the symptoms are also different. Interstitial cystitis will show symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, lower abdominal pain or hematuria, as well as follicular cystitis and gas cystitis.

1. Interstitial cystitis

It is a special type of chronic cystitis. The main symptoms include severe frequent urination, urgency, lower abdominal pain, painful urination, hematuria, etc. More common in female patients. Cystoscopy revealed reduced bladder capacity and submucosal bleeding in the bladder fundus or trigone. It is not easy to find during the initial examination, but can only be seen when the bladder is drained and filled again. Villous congestion can also be seen at the top of the bladder, ranging from 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, with a yellow center. Histologically, in addition to chronic nonspecific ulcerative cystitis and significant mast cell infiltration, there is also chronic inflammatory infiltration around the nerves.

2. Follicular cystitis

This disease is common in chronic urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy reveals small, grayish-yellow raised nodules, which are often surrounded by inflammatory mucosa, but normal mucosa can sometimes be seen between the nodules. The lesions are commonly found in the trigone or bladder fundus. Microscopic examination revealed nodules composed of lymphocyte follicles in the mucosal lamina propria, which needed to be differentiated from tumors.

3. Cystitis glandularis

The bladder mucosa is edematous, with hyperplasia of glandular structures and infiltration of many inflammatory cells. The patients are mostly middle-aged women.

4. Gas cystitis

It often occurs in people with diabetes. The gaseous appearance of the mucosa is caused by the fermentation of glucose in the bladder wall by bacteria (Proteus).

5. Gangrenous cystitis

This is a rare result of bladder damage. In severe cases of infection, bladder wall abscesses and necrosis may be seen. Some patients have gangrenous changes throughout the bladder wall.

6. Chemical cystitis

Intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide can cause the drug metabolites to be formed in the liver and excreted from the bladder, irritating the bladder mucosa and causing severe cystitis. Ulcers occur in the bladder epithelium. 7. Radiation cystitis in the lamina propria