The regulation methods and characteristics of human functional activities

There are many systems in our body. The most common ones are the nervous system, the humoral system, the immune system, etc. These systems are mainly used to help us regulate the various tasks of the body and enable us to complete some specified actions. However, most of these instructions are emitted from our nervous system and sent to our limbs. So what are the regulation methods and characteristics of human functional activities?

The main ones are neural regulation, humoral regulation, and immune regulation. Neuromodulation is fast, accurate, and local. Fluid regulation is slow, wide-ranging, and long-lasting. Neural regulation plays a leading role in controlling humoral regulation, and humoral regulation also affects neural regulation. Immune regulation maintains its own relative stability through immune function, and is also controlled by neural regulation and affected by humoral regulation.

1. Neuroregulation refers to the regulation of various tissues, organs, and systems of an organism through the activities of the nervous system. Its characteristics are accuracy, rapidity and short duration. The basic process of neural activity is reflex, which refers to the regular response of animals or humans to changes in internal and external environments with the participation of the central nervous system. The structural basis of reflex is the reflex arc, which includes five basic links: receptor, afferent nerve, nerve center, efferent nerve and effector. Receptors are organs that receive stimuli, and effectors are organs that produce responses; the centers are in the brain and spinal cord, and afferent and efferent nerves are pathways that connect the centers to receptors and effectors.

2. Humoral regulation: Some chemical substances (hormones, metabolites) produced in the body regulate the functions of certain systems, organs, tissues or cells of the body through humoral pathways (blood, tissue fluid, lymph fluid). It is characterized by slow, long-lasting and diffuse action. Humoral regulation refers to the regulation of the physiological activities of humans and animals by certain chemical substances through the transmission of extracellular fluid. The various hormones secreted by many endocrine cells regulate the body's functions through the pathway of fluid circulation.

3. Autoregulation is the process by which tissues and cells adaptively respond to stimuli without relying on neural and humoral regulation. The characteristic is that the adjustment range is small.