Introduction to manifestations of aging

Many people are now working very hard to complete their work, which will cause their bodies to be overloaded one day. Most people have entered a sub-healthy state. If this continues for a long time, the body will not be able to bear it. In addition, staying up late to work for a long time will also accelerate the aging of the body. Let us take a look at the manifestations of aging.

Performance introduction:

The bone tissue of the skeletal system loses calcium as we age, making the bones brittle and prone to fractures, and wounds heal more slowly than when we were young. Reduced joint mobility and shortened spine are one of the reasons why older people become shorter. In the elderly, the dermal papilla becomes lower, the epidermis becomes thinner, the dermal reticular fibers decrease, the elastic fibers gradually lose elasticity and are easily broken, the renewal of collagen fibers slows down, and most of the fibers are old. The increased cross-linking of collagen reduces the elasticity of the collagen fiber network. The skin becomes loose, the water content of the dermis decreases, the subcutaneous fat decreases, the sweat glands and sebaceous glands atrophy, and age spots appear due to local melanocyte proliferation.

The ratio of muscle mass to body weight decreases in older people. The entire muscle appears to be atrophied, and this aging change varies depending on its function. Of course, aging changes in motor units are not sufficient to explain all movement disorders in the elderly, because complex mechanisms at different levels of the nervous system can affect movement.

Nervous system: At the age of 90, the human brain weighs 10% to 20% less than when he was 20 years old. The main reason for weight loss is the loss of nerve cells. This loss is region-specific, with varying degrees of cell loss in different areas of the brain. From the perspective of gross anatomy, the posterior meninges of the elderly are thickened, the gyri are reduced, the grooves and fissures are wide and deep, and the ventricular cavity is enlarged. Microscopically, a reduction in Nissl bodies and deposition of lipofuscin can be seen in nerve cells. Functionally, the speed of nerve conduction slows down, recent memory declines more seriously than long-term memory, and physiological sleep time is shortened; sensory functions such as temperature, touch and vibration sensation decrease, taste threshold increases, and visual and auditory sensitivity decreases. There is a general decrease in responsiveness, particularly in situations requiring decision making through choice.

Cardiovascular system: The heart increases in size in old age. In the cardiac conduction system, a decrease in the number of pacemaker cells and an increase in the fibrous tissue within the sinoatrial node and interatrial bundle can be seen. In the arteries, the intima also thickens to varying degrees, which can cause the lumen of small arteries to narrow. The coronary artery branches begin to show thickening of the intima after the age of 30, the media becomes increasingly fibrotic, and some smooth muscles may become necrotic. The most prominent aging change is the change of the elastic fiber lamina. Arterial vascular degeneration, increased peripheral vascular resistance and increased arterial pressure.

In terms of the morphology of the respiratory system, the costal cartilages of the elderly may calcify, and the hunchback may increase, causing the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest cavity to expand into a "barrel chest". Under the microscope, the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles can be seen to be enlarged, which reduces the volume of the surrounding alveoli. Generally speaking, the morphological changes of the digestive system are not significant during aging. Tooth loss is related to how well the teeth are protected and is not necessarily a characteristic of aging. In addition, people over 65 years old experience nocturia, urinary urgency, urinary urgency and even incontinence to varying degrees.

Atrophy of the gonads in the endocrine system is the most obvious aging change in the endocrine system. For example, women stop menstruating around the age of 45 to 50 and their estrogen secretion decreases significantly. Men's androgen levels gradually decrease from the age of 50 to 90 and their sexual function declines.

The above article tells you about the specific manifestations of aging. When you find that your body has shown this situation, your body has begun to gradually show an aging trend. At this time, you need to pay special attention to the changes in your body and keep a happy mood.