Details that patients with uremia should pay attention to after dialysis

The decline in kidney function caused by kidney disease is irreversible. If it continues like this, it will cause problems in the body system due to kidney function. We call this disease chronic renal failure. When chronic renal failure develops to the late stage, what we often call uremia will appear. Uremia is not an independent disease, but a comprehensive disease of kidney disease in the later stages. We generally use uremic dialysis to treat and deal with uremia. So what problems should we pay attention to after uremic dialysis?

Let's analyze what issues patients need to pay attention to in their daily lives after undergoing dialysis for uremia. In fact, most patients, after dialysis for uremia, mistakenly believe that dialysis can remove all harmful substances. This idea is wrong.

What should you pay attention to after dialysis for uremia? Uremia actually refers to the toxicity caused by the human body's inability to produce urine through the kidneys to excrete metabolic waste and excess water from the body. Modern medicine believes that uremia is a series of complex syndromes caused by the disorder of biochemical processes in the body after the loss of renal function. During the uremia stage, in addition to further aggravation of water, electrolyte, acid-base imbalance, anemia, bleeding tendency, hypertension, etc., clinical manifestations caused by dysfunction of various organ systems and substance metabolism disorders may also appear. These include: nervous system symptoms, digestive system symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms, respiratory system symptoms, skin symptoms and substance metabolism disorders, etc.

What should you pay attention to after dialysis for uremia? Some patients, after receiving hemodialysis treatment, believe that dialysis can remove various harmful and excess substances in the body, and therefore relax dietary restrictions. In fact, this is a wrong understanding. Patients with chronic renal failure who undergo maintenance hemodialysis often have oliguria or even anuria. Therefore, water intake must be limited, otherwise it will lead to edema, hypertension, heart failure and other complications. The amount of water that maintenance hemodialysis patients should drink every day should be determined based on the specific circumstances of the uremia patients. In principle, expenditure should be in line with income to maintain a balance. Output includes urine volume, vomiting and diarrhea, insensible water loss (400-600ral/24h) and dialysis dehydration. Water intake includes the sum of daily water intake, water content in food and endogenous water produced by body metabolism. The simplest way to determine the body's water balance is to measure

Uremia dialysis patients should pay attention to diet:

1. A low-protein diet should be adopted. Patients in the azotemia and uremia stages should mainly choose high-quality and high-biological-value animal proteins, such as fresh milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, etc., to supplement various essential amino acids. Although plants such as soybeans and peanuts contain protein, 1. Control the intake of water and sodium: measure and record your daily urine output. The daily water intake of dialysis patients is generally daily urine volume + 500 ml.

Measure body weight at a fixed time every day, and the weight between two dialysis sessions should not exceed 2 to 3 kg.

2. Care of arteriovenous fistula: Do not lift heavy objects, wear tight clothes or bandage the fistula-side limb too tightly. Keep the area clean to prevent infection; check whether it is unobstructed by touching it with your hands or using a stethoscope. If it is still and soundless, go to the hospital immediately for treatment.

3. Low-salt diet: Eat less salty food, especially various pickled foods, as these foods will reduce urine volume.

4. Pay attention to supplementing high-quality protein, such as lean meat, egg white, etc., and eat less plant protein such as soy products, corn, flour, etc.

5. Supplement vitamin D appropriately and eat less dry beans, offal, yeast and germ foods, as these foods will increase the calcium and uric acid levels in urine.

6. Avoid eating high-potassium and high-phosphorus foods, such as potatoes, bananas, oranges, etc.

7. Supplement vitamins and avoid drinking strong tea, coffee, etc. It is of high quality but contains few essential amino acids, so it is not advisable to eat too much. The daily protein intake is 20 grams, which not only ensures the supply of essential amino acids for the body, but also enables the body to use non-protein nitrogen to synthesize non-essential amino acids under low protein supply, thereby reducing azotemia.

8. The diet should be rich in vitamins. Food should be easy to digest and contain sufficient vitamins, especially vitamins B, C, and D. Avoid mechanical damage to the digestive tract caused by rough food, which may lead to digestive tract bleeding. For patients with good appetite during the azotemia stage, the calorie intake should not be less than 35 calories per kilogram of body weight, but in the uremia stage, it depends on the patient's appetite.

9. Replenish water and salt in time. Patients with uremia are prone to dehydration and hyponatremia, especially those with long-term loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea. Once it happens, replenish it in time. However, it should be noted that uremic patients have poor tolerance to water and sodium, and excessive supplementation should be avoided to avoid hypernatremia or water intoxication.

10. Pay attention to calcium and potassium supplementation. The blood potassium of patients with uremia is generally low, and hypokalemia is very likely to occur after using diuretics. At this time, you can eat more fresh fruits and potassium chloride. Patients with uremia often have low blood calcium levels. They can eat more foods high in calcium, such as fish, shrimp, meat and bone soup, etc.

11. Avoid alcohol and foods high in purine to prevent high uric acid crystals from depositing in the renal interstitial tissue and causing chronic interstitial nephritis, thereby damaging renal function and reducing the chance of taking analgesics due to wind attacks. Body weight: Dialysis patients should weigh themselves daily and weight gain during dialysis should be kept within 1-1.5 kg. Changes in body weight over a short period of time are the result of changes in body water.

Above, we introduced the concept of uremia and its symptoms. Therefore, daily care for uremia is very important. We cannot simply think that we can eat whatever we want after dialysis for uremia. The above article proposes eleven aspects that patients with uremia after dialysis should pay special attention to. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.