The genetic rate of breast cancer at the age of 40

Breast cancer at the age of 40 is closely related to genetic factors, especially for people who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, the genetic risk is significantly increased. Genetic, environmental, and physiological factors may work together to cause breast cancer. Early screening, genetic testing, and a healthy lifestyle are the key to reducing the risk.

1. Genetic factors

The genetic risk of breast cancer is mainly related to BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. These gene mutations significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially in women under 40 years old. If there is a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, genetic testing is recommended to assess personal risk. Other genes such as TP53 and PTEN may also be associated with breast cancer, but they are rare.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to high radiation environments, exposure to chemical carcinogens such as benzene and formaldehyde, and bad lifestyle habits such as smoking and drinking may increase the risk of breast cancer. Reducing exposure to harmful substances and maintaining a healthy living environment are important preventive measures.

3. Physiological factors

Abnormal hormone levels are an important cause of breast cancer. Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity or late childbearing may increase the risk of breast cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and avoiding long-term use of hormone drugs can help reduce the risk.

4. Trauma and pathological factors

Although breast trauma does not directly cause breast cancer, it may mask early symptoms. Although benign lesions such as breast hyperplasia and breast fibroids do not directly cause cancer, they need to be monitored regularly to prevent malignant transformation.

5. Prevention and treatment

Early screening: Women over 40 should have a mammogram once a year, combined with ultrasound or MRI to improve accuracy.

Genetic testing: Those with a family history are recommended to undergo BRCA gene testing to assess genetic risk.

Healthy lifestyle: balanced diet such as eating more vegetables and fruits, reducing red meat intake, regular exercise such as 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.

Drug treatment: For high-risk groups, drugs such as tamoxifen and raloxifene can be used for prevention.

Surgical treatment: For high-risk people who carry BRCA gene mutations, preventive mastectomy or oophorectomy may be considered.

Although the genetic risk of breast cancer at the age of 40 is high, the probability of disease can be effectively reduced through early screening, genetic testing and health management. It is recommended that women with a family history consult and develop a personalized prevention plan as soon as possible to protect breast health.