What are the symptoms of testicular cancer in men

The main symptoms of testicular cancer in men include painless testicular masses, changes in testicular size or shape, a heavy feeling in the scrotum, and occasional dull pain in the groin or back. Once discovered, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prognosis, so these signs should not be ignored.

A painless testicular mass is the most common initial manifestation, usually without pain, but sometimes feels hard or rough; the testicle may swell and enlarge, or it may shrink and harden. Patients may feel an abnormal heaviness in the scrotum, which is due to increased local pressure caused by the tumor. Some patients may also have breast tenderness or enlargement, which is related to the hormone secretion of the tumor. If the tumor has spread, it may cause persistent pain in the abdomen, chest, or back, or symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes. Patients in the late stage with high malignancy may also experience systemic manifestations such as weight loss and fatigue.

A painless testicular mass is the most common initial manifestation, usually without pain, but sometimes feels hard or rough; the testicle may swell and enlarge, or it may shrink and harden. Patients may feel an abnormal heaviness in the scrotum, which is due to increased local pressure caused by the tumor. Some patients may also have breast tenderness or enlargement, which is related to the hormone secretion of the tumor. If the tumor has spread, it may cause persistent pain in the abdomen, chest, or back, or symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes. Patients in the late stage with high malignancy may also experience systemic manifestations such as weight loss and fatigue.

If you have noticed similar symptoms, be sure to seek medical attention promptly, preferably by urology or oncology. Diagnosis usually requires color Doppler ultrasound, serum tumor marker testing (such as α-fetoprotein, hCG levels), and testicular biopsy when necessary. Treatments include surgical removal of the affected testicle, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are selected according to the condition. Developing the habit of regular testicular self-examination, especially for high-risk groups, such as those with a family history of genetics or cryptorchidism, can help with early detection. Lifestyle adjustments that can reduce risks, such as avoiding high temperature exposure and reducing smoking and drinking, also deserve special attention.