The causative factors of prostate cancer

The causative factors of prostate cancer involve multiple factors, including genetics, environment, physiology and pathology. It is closely related to the external environment such as innate genes and acquired diet and lifestyle. At the same time, physiological mechanisms such as age and hormone level fluctuations cannot be ignored. Correctly understanding these factors will help prevent and detect the disease early.

1. Genetic factors

Family history is an important risk factor for prostate cancer. If a father or brother has prostate cancer, the risk of the disease may double or more. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations have also been confirmed to be associated with prostate cancer risk, especially if these family members also have a history of other cancers (such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer). For men with a family history, regular prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is recommended, especially for those over 40 years old.

2. Environmental factors

Diet and lifestyle have a significant impact on the occurrence of prostate cancer. A high-fat diet, especially excessive intake of animal fat, may increase the risk, while a Mediterranean diet (rich in fish, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) may have a protective effect. Long-term smoking, alcohol abuse, and lack of exercise are also considered to be boosters of cancer, so quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, and maintaining regular exercise habits can help reduce the risk of the disease.

3. Physiological factors

Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men, and the risk for men over 50 years old is significantly increased, which is closely related to changes in androgen levels in the body. Androgens promote the proliferation of prostate cells, and excessive proliferation may lead to cancer. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are also positively correlated with the occurrence of prostate cancer. It is recommended to pay attention to weight management and healthy diet.

4. Pathological factors

Existing prostate diseases (such as prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis) may increase the risk of disease, but there is no direct causal relationship. Chronic inflammation may increase the possibility of cancer by continuously stimulating cell DNA mutations. For this high-risk population, regular follow-up and necessary biopsy tests are recommended.

5. Other related issues

Heavy metals, pesticide exposure and air pollution in the environment may also play a role in the occurrence of prostate cancer. For example, long-term exposure to industrial materials such as cadmium and lead may increase the risk, which suggests that people with occupational exposure should strengthen protection.

By understanding the risk factors of prostate cancer, we can take targeted preventive measures. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle, regular screening, especially for those with a family history and the elderly, should be the focus. Regardless of whether symptoms occur, it is recommended to have regular physical examinations for early intervention and management to protect your health.