What are the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and what is the pathological cause

What are the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? What is the pathological cause?

The early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are specific, and the following is a brief introduction:

1. Swollen cervical lymph nodes. This is the most common symptom. Patients often accidentally feel a lump on their neck, or find that the two sides of their necks are asymmetrical when looking in the mirror. The lump is often hard, painless, and affects movement. It has the characteristics of early metastasis and high metastasis rate.

2. Shrinking bloody mucus. After inhaling back into the nasal cavity, spitting out bloody mucus from the mouth, especially after getting up in the morning, is one of the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer.

3. Tinnitus or hearing loss. That is, the ears are buzzing, or deafness, and the hearing is worse than before.

4. Headache. It manifests as pain in the occipital or temporal region, often dull pain.

The pathological causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are specific, which are introduced below:

It is currently believed to be related to genetic factors, viral factors, etc.

1. Genetic factors: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients have racial and familial clustering. For example, the descendants of southern Chinese living abroad still have a high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Studies have also found that certain genetic factors that determine human leukocyte antigen HLA are closely related to the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

2. Epstein-Barr virus Old et al. first detected Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in the serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in 1966. In recent years, the application of molecular hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has confirmed the expression of EBV DNA-specific viral mRNA or gene products in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy tissues, further confirming the important role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Currently, the study of Epstein-Barr virus has become an important aspect in exploring the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

3. Environmental factors: The content of trace element nickel in rice and water in areas with a high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is low, while that in areas with a high incidence is high. The content of nickel in the hair of nasopharyngeal cancer patients is also high. Animal experiments have confirmed that nickel can promote nitrosamine-induced nasopharyngeal cancer, and vitamin deficiency and sex hormone imbalance can also change the sensitivity of the mucosa to carcinogens.