What are the main causes of gallbladder cancer?

Epidemiological studies have found that the incidence of gallbladder cancer in women worldwide is generally higher than that in men, 2-6 times higher than that in men, and the risk of disease increases with age.

Gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor with a low degree of differentiation, strong concealment, high malignancy, and rapid metastasis, so it is called the king of cancer. Generally speaking, there is no obvious discomfort in the early stage of gallbladder cancer, or it only manifests as local dull pain or discomfort, which is often ignored. Once discovered, it has basically reached the middle and late stages.

Gallbladder cancer can directly infiltrate surrounding organs, or it can metastasize to the abdominal cavity through lymphatic blood circulation or nerve bile duct and other pathways. Advanced patients may have distant metastasis, which is highly invasive. Once cancer occurs, it will metastasize along the liver to lymph nodes, liver tissue, peritoneum and blood, etc. The 5-year survival rate is less than 5%, and the average survival time is 5-8 months. The long-term efficacy is worse than that of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, so it is called the king of cancer.

Chronic cholecystitis and gallstones are the main causes of gallbladder mucosal damage and gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder cancer develops quickly and metastasizes early, so timely detection and early intervention are very important. For patients with gallbladder cancer, surgery is an important treatment method. Even in the late stage, as long as there is no ascites, hypoproteinemia or organic lesions of important organs, it is recommended to choose surgical treatment as much as possible.