How to take care of liver cancer in the late stage? Liver cancer specifically targets these 11 types of people!

my country is a country with a high incidence of liver diseases, and liver diseases often lead to liver cancer. Liver cancer is highly malignant and progresses very quickly. Usually, there is no discomfort in the early stage, and once symptoms appear, it is often in the middle or late stage. Therefore, the treatment is difficult and the efficacy is poor. Generally, the survival time after onset is only 6 months, and it is called the "king of cancer."

11 types of people are prone to liver cancer

1. People with a family history of liver cancer

On the one hand, many inherited diseases that damage the liver, such as pigmentation disease and glycogen storage disease, will develop into cirrhosis, and the incidence of liver cancer is also very high; on the other hand, it is believed that the familial clustering of liver cancer is mainly caused by the clustering of hepatitis B virus. There is currently no evidence that liver cancer can be inherited.

2. Patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis

More than 50% of patients with cirrhosis develop cancer, and most of them have recurrent symptoms, poor liver function improvement, and frequent complications such as ascites.

3. People living in areas with a high incidence of liver cancer

The high incidence areas of liver cancer in China are mainly in the southeastern coastal areas, such as Fusui and Longan in Guangxi, Xiamen and Tongan in Fujian, Qidong and Haimen in Jiangsu, Chongming and Nanhui in Shanghai, etc. In these areas, at least 30 people die of liver cancer per 100,000 people. In addition, the incidence of liver cancer is higher in coastal areas than in inland areas, and higher in southeastern and northeastern regions than in southwest and northwest regions.

4. Chronic alcoholics

Long-term alcohol abuse can significantly damage liver cells and lead to malnutrition, making the liver prone to cirrhosis, which can develop into liver cancer. Of course, in addition to the above dietary factors, hepatitis B, parasitic diseases in the liver (such as Clonorchis sinensis), and genetic susceptibility are also closely related to the occurrence of liver cancer. It should be pointed out here that when the above two factors come into play, liver cancer is more likely to occur, such as hepatitis B and aflatoxin exposure, which will cause the disease faster.

Alcohol poisoning can also cause alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. In alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, the number of Kupffer cells decreases, which can increase the occurrence of liver cell cancer.

5. People living in difficult conditions

The occurrence of liver cancer has an occupational characteristic, and farmers have the highest incidence and mortality rates. Some people say that in China, liver cancer and stomach cancer are diseases caused by poverty, and people with poor economic conditions are more likely to suffer from "liver cancer", which makes sense.

6. Gene mutation

Mutagens and viruses in the environment stimulate the activation of liver cell division response pathways, causing point mutations and gene translocations in cells, which are possible factors that accelerate the proliferation of cancer cells.

7. People who drink unhealthy water

Water is an important substance for maintaining the normal survival of human organisms. Water itself certainly does not cause tumors, but epidemiological surveys have shown that the degree of drinking water pollution is positively correlated with the incidence of liver cancer. This undoubtedly indicates that there are carcinogens in the water source, and it may be the combined effect of multiple carcinogens, such as humic acid, blue-green algae toxins, etc.

8. People who eat food contaminated by Aspergillus flavus

More than 30 years ago, a farm in the UK fed turkeys with peanut cake that was moldy due to Aspergillus flavus, which caused the death of 100,000 chicks. Epidemiological studies have shown that the geographical distribution of liver cancer in my country is basically consistent with the distribution of aflatoxin contamination. In areas where grain, oil and food are seriously contaminated by aflatoxin B1, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer are also high.

Aflatoxin is a carcinogen that grows and reproduces in hot and humid environments. If humans eat moldy grains for a long time in the summer, they will be infected with aflatoxin and liver cancer will occur.

9. People who take in too much nitrosamine compounds

Dimethylnitrosamine has been isolated from the food of residents in South Africa, a high-risk area for liver cancer. This type of compound can also cause other tumors such as esophageal cancer. Therefore, nitrosamine compounds are also classified as one of the causes of liver cancer.

10. People who take in too little trace elements

Current research on the relationship between trace elements and liver cancer has found that the mortality rate from liver cancer is negatively correlated with the selenium content in the environment and with the blood selenium level of residents. Animal experiments have shown that selenium can block aflatoxin-induced liver cancer in rats and ducks.

11. People who are affected by complex factors

Overnutrition (macronutrients) or nutritional deficiency (such as vitamin A, B1 deficiency), hemochromatosis, parasitic infection and heredity are also risk factors for liver cancer.

So how do we care for patients with advanced liver cancer?

1. Psychological care. When liver cancer patients are in the late stage, they know that they are in the last stage of their lives. They cannot accept the reality that they will lose their relatives and friends and leave the world forever. In addition to the adverse reactions during the diagnosis and treatment process and the unbearable cancer pain, they often show great depression, anxiety, irregular life, lack of concentration, loss of appetite and fatigue. How to care for patients with advanced liver cancer? Therefore, nurses should try their best to keep patients hopeful, accept treatment, insist on living, give psychological care, control pain, and improve the quality of patients' last stage of life.

2. Pain care. In the late stage of liver cancer, necrosis of tumor tissue may cause pain in the tumor area. While strengthening the observation of the patient's condition, nurses should also do a good job of comforting the patient. When the pain is intolerable, the location, nature, and degree of the pain should be closely observed to distinguish it from pain caused by other complications. If necessary, painkillers should be used according to the doctor's orders.

3. Diet care. The care of advanced liver cancer should pay special attention to diet, pay attention to the color, aroma and taste of food, and increase the appetite of patients with advanced liver cancer. Give non-irritating and easily digestible food, the temperature should be appropriate, and the eating speed should be slow. Patients with advanced liver cancer can eat some Chinese medicine porridge, such as Astragalus porridge, Codonopsis pilosula, and red dates porridge, which can nourish the spleen and replenish qi. Do not lie flat for half an hour after a meal. How to care for patients with advanced liver cancer? Patients with advanced liver cancer are forbidden to eat greasy or fried foods. Those who vomit can be given antiemetics, and total intravenous nutritional support can be given when necessary. Patients with advanced liver cancer should limit or abstain from protein when the blood ammonia is high. The heat source of patients with advanced liver cancer is mainly carbohydrates, and fruits and vegetables can be selected.

4. Basic nursing. Patients with advanced liver cancer have weak constitutions, so basic nursing care should be strengthened. The specific nursing practices for liver cancer at this time are as follows: patients who have been bedridden for a long time should frequently turn their backs, change sitting and lying positions, etc. to prevent the occurrence of complications such as bedsores; oral care should be done for patients with bleeding to keep the airway open and prevent vomit from being inhaled into the trachea and causing suffocation and death; for patients with severe cancer pain, in addition to timely symptomatic treatment, family members should also give patients spiritual comfort to eliminate their fears. At the same time, they should closely observe the patient's vital signs to detect critical lesions in a timely manner and take effective treatment measures in a timely manner.