What are the symptoms and manifestations of prostate cancer? How long can you live with prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor with a very high incidence in the urinary system. It is caused by malignant tumor lesions in the epithelium of the prostate. It mainly occurs in men aged 70-80 years old. It is closely related to age. The older the age, the higher the incidence rate. The onset of prostate cancer is closely related to genetics. People with a family history of genetics have an earlier onset age. The early onset of the disease is not obvious, and symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, increased nocturia, and even urinary incontinence will appear. It is easy to have metastatic symptoms, which endangers the patient's life and requires timely surgical treatment.

1. Obstruction symptoms

There may be difficulty urinating, urinary retention, pain, hematuria, or incontinence.

2. Local infiltrative symptoms

The bladder-rectum space is often the first to be affected. This space includes the prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, lower end of the ureter and other organ structures. If the tumor invades and compresses the vas deferens, it will cause low back pain and testicular pain. Some patients also complain of pain during ejaculation.

3. Other metastatic symptoms

Prostate cancer is prone to bone metastasis. There may be no symptoms at first, or prostate cancer may be discovered when seeking medical treatment due to nerve compression or pathological fracture caused by bone metastasis. 98% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, about 2% are squamous cell carcinomas, 75% originate from the peripheral zone, 20% originate from the transition zone, and 5% originate from the central zone. The stages of prostate cancer are as follows:

T1: T1a is clinically negative, and the cancer in the TUR specimen accounts for less than 5% of the total volume; T1b is clinically negative, and the cancer in the TUR specimen accounts for more than 5% of the total volume; T1c is clinically negative, PSA>4μg/L, and biopsy confirms cancer.

T2: T2a is limited to 2 lobes, T2b is limited to 2 lobes.

T3: T3a penetrates the peritoneal cavity, and T3b invades the seminal vesicle.

T4: Invasion of surrounding tissues.

N: N0: no lymph node metastasis; N1: pelvic lymph node metastasis; N2: distant lymph node metastasis.

M: M0 means no distant metastasis, M1 means distant organ metastasis. Prostate cancer is graded according to glandular differentiation, pleomorphism, and nuclear abnormalities. The Gleason grade is commonly used now, which divides cancer cell differentiation into two levels: major and minor. Each level is scored from 1 to 5 points. The scores of the two levels are added together. The total score of 2 to 4 points is well-differentiated cancer, 5 to 7 points is moderately differentiated cancer, and 8 to 10 points is poorly differentiated cancer. Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent, and their occurrence and development are closely related to androgens. Only a small number of prostate cancers are hormone-independent. Prostate cancer can spread locally, lymphatics, and bloodstreams. Bloodstream metastasis is most common in the spine and pelvis.

1. Genetic factors: Genetics is an important factor leading to prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer in patients with a family history is 7-8 times higher than that of ordinary patients.

2. Age factor: According to statistics, the chance of men suffering from prostate cancer will increase after the age of 50, and the peak incidence period is between 70 and 80 years old. The older you are, the more likely you are to get prostate cancer.

3. The patient has unhealthy eating habits, such as overeating and picky eating for a long time, and eating a lot of high-cholesterol foods.

1. Drink green tea every day. You can brew green tea appropriately every day. The green tea should not be too strong, otherwise it will hurt the spleen and stomach.

2. Patients should avoid smoking and drinking, eat an irregular diet, eat less spicy and other irritating foods, and eat more bean products and vegetables to supplement vitamins.

3. You can eat more foods that reduce the incidence of prostate cancer, such as high-protein foods such as eggs.

4. Pay attention to personal hygiene and habits, avoid compressing the prostate, exercise regularly, and have a healthy sex life but not too frequent.

5. Individuals should maintain a happy mood and get enough sleep, and avoid wearing tight pants that will hinder blood circulation in the prostate.

(1) The natural course of localized prostate cancer and treatment options

At present, the main treatments for patients with localized prostate cancer (clinical stages T1 and T2) include radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or clinical follow-up observation. So far, there has been no large-scale randomized paired study to directly compare the advantages and disadvantages of surgery and radiotherapy. Some retrospective surveys and studies have shown that if the pathological grade of the tumor and the PSA level are taken into account during the study, the 5-year survival rate of patients treated with these two methods is basically the same, with no significant difference. Since there is no evidence to indicate which of these two methods is better, when we choose the appropriate treatment for patients, we mainly consider the patient's general condition and health status, the side effects of the treatment, the patient's preferences and wishes, etc. For example, compared with radiotherapy, the risk of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy is greater, but the effect on intestinal function is small. Therefore, when treating localized prostate cancer, the needs and wishes of patients should be fully considered.

(2) Clinical observation and follow-up

A considerable number of patients with early localized prostate cancer can be followed up clinically without immediate treatment, because the long-term survival rate of these patients during the observation period is basically the same as that of people of the same age without prostate cancer. Most prostate cancer patients who choose to follow up are older, have a short life expectancy, may have occult tumors, and have no obvious clinical manifestations. In addition, since tumors in the transitional zone have a smaller chance of invading the rectovesical space and a lower possibility of distant metastasis, follow-up observation is also one of its feasible options. The ideal patient for follow-up observation should be one with a serum PSA of 67Gy. The patient's PSA recurrence rate is lower than that of those treated with standard doses, indicating that it is more effective in treating localized prostate cancer.

1. It is advisable to eat high-protein foods.

2. Eat high-vitamin foods.

3. It is advisable to eat high-calorie foods.

1. Avoid eating aphrodisiac foods.

2. Avoid smoking, drinking and coffee.

3. Avoid spicy and irritating foods.

4. Avoid moldy, fried, and greasy foods.