What are the examination methods for endometrial cancer?

The examination method for endometrial cancer is difficult to avoid. It requires examination of medical history, clinical examination, cytology examination, B-ultrasound examination, etc. Patients need to do the examination according to their physical condition, so that the results are more accurate. Patients need to tell the doctor about their condition and choose the appropriate treatment method so that their body can get better.

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine body cancer, is a common gynecological malignancy, second only to cervical cancer. The real cause of endometrial cancer is still unknown, but its risk factors have long been noticed by people. If you feel uncomfortable, you need to get checked and diagnosed as soon as possible. There are many examination items. So, what are the examination methods for endometrial cancer?
Endometrial cancer patients are mostly elderly women with delayed menopause or irregular menstruation. They are often infertile or have few children, and are also obese, have high blood pressure, and have diabetes. If they have irregular vaginal bleeding or foul-smelling discharge after menopause, they should be given more attention. For young patients with irregular vaginal bleeding, the cause should also be carefully clarified, especially those who have not responded to treatment should also undergo curettage. Vaginal discharge and abdominal pain are already late-stage symptoms.
1. Clinical examination <br/>General gynecological examinations in the early stage often reveal nothing. The uterus is not large, the cervix is ​​smooth, and the appendages are normal. In the late stage of the disease, the uterus is larger than the corresponding age. Some patients may have bloody leucorrhea or rotten cancerous tissue on the finger cot after bimanual examination; some patients may have protruding polyp-like tumors at the cervical opening. However, endometrial cancer can coexist with uterine fibroids, so an enlarged uterus is not necessarily an advanced endometrial cancer.
2. Cytological examination <br/>The diagnosis rate of vaginal cytological examination for endometrial cancer is lower than that for cervical cancer. The reasons are:
① Columnar epithelial cells do not shed frequently.
② When the exfoliated cells pass through the cervical canal and reach the vagina, they are often dissolved and denatured, making them difficult to identify.
③ Sometimes the cervical canal is narrow and closed, and it is difficult for the exfoliated cells to reach the vagina. In order to improve the positive diagnosis rate, many scholars have improved the location and method of taking specimens. With the improvement of diagnostic technology, the positive diagnosis rate of uterine cervical cancer has also been greatly improved.
Under hysteroscopy, one can observe the location, size, and boundaries of the cancer, whether it is localized or diffuse, whether it is exophytic or endophytic, and whether the cervical canal is affected. Biopsy of suspicious lesions should be performed, and care should be taken to prevent complications such as bleeding, infection, and perforation during the examination.