How to treat bladder tumor

Bladder tumors are divided into benign and malignant types, and are more common in men. The most concerning issue for bladder tumor patients and their families is how to treat bladder tumors. In fact, the treatment principles of bladder tumors are the same as other tumors, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and new technologies, but surgical treatment is still the main treatment. The specific scope and method of surgery should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the tumor's stage, degree of malignancy, pathological type, tumor size, location, and whether it involves adjacent organs.

Surgical treatment:

(1) Local excision and electrocautery of bladder tumors

Indications for surgery: Tumors that only infiltrate the mucosa or submucosa, bladder papilloma with low malignancy and thin pedicle.

(2) Partial cystectomy

Indications for surgery: Suitable for limited invasive papillary carcinoma, tumors located away from the bladder trigone and neck area.

(3) Total cystectomy

Indications for surgery: For large, dispersed, multiple tumors that are not suitable for local resection; tumors located near the bladder trigone; or invasive tumors located at the bladder neck, total cystectomy should be used.

Laser and dynamic therapy:

The use of endoscopes to introduce laser fibers into the body's hollow organs to treat diseases is a major advance in treatment. Currently, the most commonly used laser treatments for bladder tumors are neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy and photodynamic therapy.

Interventional treatment:

In recent years, interventional therapy has been widely used in the treatment of tumors, and interventional therapy for bladder tumors has also been reported. Its treatment method mainly refers to chemotherapy through catheterization of the inferior epigastric artery.

Radiation therapy:

The effect of radiotherapy for bladder cancer is not ideal. It is currently mainly used for palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumors or as an adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy.

The recurrence rate of bladder tumors with simple surgery is high, and the pathological grade and clinical stage will worsen after tumor recurrence. Therefore, in addition to cooperating with other treatment methods before surgery, in order to prevent recurrence, intravesical chemotherapy should be performed immediately after surgery. The most commonly used method is intravesical instillation of chemotherapy drugs. Postoperative preventive measures should also be strengthened, and the possibility of distant metastasis should also be vigilant.