How is testicular cancer diagnosed

Testicular cancer, as the name implies, is a type of cancer that occurs in the male reproductive organs and poses a great threat to male fertility. If testicular cancer is not treated in time, it may lead to the patient losing his fertility. Early diagnosis is very helpful for the treatment of testicular cancer, so how is testicular cancer diagnosed? Today, let's learn how to diagnose testicular cancer.

How to diagnose testicular cancer:

1. Testicular tumors have no obvious symptoms in the early stage. The typical clinical manifestation is a gradually enlarging painless mass. Half of the patients often feel the heaviness of the testicles, and sometimes feel a pulling sensation in the scrotum, lower abdomen, or groin. This is obvious when jumping or running. After standing for too long or being tired, local symptoms will worsen with a feeling of falling or mild pain. When there is an accidental collision or squeezing, the pain will be aggravated. Some patients often have symptoms similar to acute orchitis or epididymitis. After anti-inflammatory treatment, although the inflammation has been controlled, there is a mass that does not disappear. At this time, you should be alert to the possibility of testicular tumors.

Second, although many data suggest that the occurrence of testicular tumors may be related to testicular trauma, endocrine disorders, genetics and infection, there is a lack of sufficient evidence. So far, the most convincing is the relationship between incomplete testicular descent (cryptorchidism) and testicular tumors. A large amount of data confirms that the malignant transformation rate of cryptorchidism, especially abdominal cryptorchidism, is much higher than that of normal descended testicles. It is 3 to 14 times the incidence rate of normal people. It is currently believed that factors such as abnormal testicular germ cells, elevated temperature, blood supply disorders, endocrine disorders, and gonadal dysgenesis may be related to the malignant transformation of cryptorchidism. The relationship between cryptorchidism and testicular tumors has attracted the attention of scholars from various countries, emphasizing that testicular fixation before the age of 6 is an effective measure to prevent the malignant transformation of cryptorchidism, and has achieved significant results. The incidence of cryptorchidism in China is similar to that in other countries, but the proportion of cryptorchidism tumors is significantly higher than that in other countries, which may be related to the fact that China has not yet generally performed testicular traction fixation on children with cryptorchidism before school age.

3. Testicular cancer occurs in testicular tissue, has a complex pathological origin, and is relatively rare clinically, accounting for about 1% of all male malignant tumors. The main incidence population is young men in their fertility peak, so it has a relatively large impact on society. However, the cure rate of testicular cancer is very high, and the survival rate can reach 95% or even higher. Therefore, in the field of oncology, testicular cancer is a very important malignant tumor.

4. If the patient has cryptorchidism, when the ectopic testicle develops malignant lesions, a gradually enlarging mass often appears in the pelvic cavity or inguinal area, and the absence of the ipsilateral testicle is found during physical examination. Testicular tumors can sometimes occur bilaterally, simultaneously or one after the other. Testicular tumors can occasionally cause symptoms of endocrine disorders, which often occur in patients with trophoblastic carcinoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma, manifesting as male breast hypertrophy, precocious puberty, or feminization.

The above introduces the diagnosis method of testicular cancer. Once testicular cancer is diagnosed, it should be treated early. Early detection, early treatment and early recovery.