Standards for aortic enlargement

Aortic enlargement is a manifestation of atherosclerosis and is a relatively common health problem. It can be said that atherosclerosis poses a relatively high risk to patients, so when this symptom is discovered, timely treatment is needed. Of course, atherosclerosis can be treated in many ways. Here are some treatments for atherosclerosis!

1. Comprehensive treatment

(1) Eat a balanced diet with a low total calorie intake to prevent overweight. Significantly reduce the intake of saturated fat and sugar, limiting fat intake to less than 20g per day, of which saturated fat should be limited to less than 2g. Increase your soluble fiber intake.

(2) Maintain moderate physical activity. Set the activity intensity according to your own situation, activity habits, and heart function, and proceed step by step.

(3) Arrange work and life reasonably.

(4) In other aspects, we recommend not smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke, but drinking a small amount of alcohol is allowed.

(5) Control risk factors. If you have diabetes, you should control your blood sugar in time, including diet control. The glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes should not cause hyperinsulinemia, such as Diamecon; if there is hypertension, antihypertensive drugs should be given to lower the blood pressure to an appropriate level; if there is elevated blood cholesterol, high cholesterol should be controlled and appropriate lipid-lowering drugs should be given.

2. Drug treatment

(1) Lipid-lowering drugs: ① Statins; ② Fibrates; ③ Niacin; ④ Cholestyramine; ⑤ Clofibrate; ⑥ Unsaturated fatty acids such as Yishouning, Xuezhiping and Xinmaile; ⑦ Sodium alginate diester.

(2) Antiplatelet drugs: ① Aspirin; ② Dipyridamole; ③ Clopidogrel; ④ Cilostachys.

(3) Vasodilators: ① Hydralazine (mainly acts on arteries); ② Nitroglycerin and isoflavone (mainly acts on veins); ③ Sodium nitroprusside (acts on arteries and veins); ④ α1 receptor blockers such as prazosin; ⑤ α2 receptor blockers such as phentolamine; ⑥ β2 receptor stimulants such as salbutamol; ⑦ Captopril and enalapril; ⑧ Nifedipine and diltiazem; ⑨ Salbutamol, valproate, prostaglandins, atrial natriuretic peptide, etc.

(4) Thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs 1) Thrombolytic drugs such as: ① urokinase and streptokinase; ② tissue-type plasminogen activator; ③ single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator; ④ TNK-tissue-type plasminogen activator. 2) Anticoagulant drugs such as: ① Heparin; ② Enoxaparin; ③ Nadroparin; ④ Bivalirudin.

3. Surgical treatment

Surgical procedures such as recanalization, reconstruction or bypass transplantation of narrowed or occluded arteries can also be performed, as can interventional treatments such as placement of stents within the blood vessel lumen.