How are ovarian tumors classified

The general term for ovarian swelling, enlargement and neoplasms is a common gynecological disease that can occur from young children to the elderly. There are many types of ovarian tumors, which are divided into physiological and pathological types. Physiological types include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Pathological types are divided into neoplasms and non-neoplastic tumors. Non-neoplastic types include endometriosis, polycystic ovaries, etc. Neoplasms are divided into benign and malignant, and some are in between benign and malignant. Ovarian tumors are usually referred to as neoplasms.

Disease classification

Based on histological classification, ovarian tumors are divided into 5 categories:

① Epithelial cancer: It occurs in the coelomic epithelium during embryonic period, such as serous tumor, myxoma, etc.

② Tumors that occur in germ cells, such as mature and immature teratomas, some of which are highly malignant.

③ Tumors that occur in the sex cord stroma, most of which have the function of secreting sex hormones, such as granulosa cell tumors.

④ Occurs in non-specific interstitial tumors, such as fibroma, leiomyoma, etc. This type of tumor is rare.

⑤ Metastatic tumor. It is metastatic from malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, breast and pelvic organs, such as Krukenberg tumors that are mostly from the gastrointestinal tract. Ovarian malignant tumors are one of the most serious tumors that threaten women's lives, and it is not easy to detect early. There are usually no symptoms in the early stage, and as the tumor grows, there may be slight discomfort such as falling and abdominal distension. Some tumors that produce estrogen can cause menstrual disorders. Many people only seek medical treatment when they feel a mass in the lower abdomen, but at this time the tumor is already large and is mostly in the late stage. Late-stage ovarian cancer is often accompanied by ascites, and the abdomen grows rapidly. Patients feel shortness of breath, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, etc. Complications of ovarian tumors include tumor pedicle torsion, rupture and infection, which can cause acute abdominal pain, fever and even shock and other acute manifestations. Sudden changes in body position and changes in the uterus during pregnancy and delivery can induce tumor torsion. Small ovarian tumors are mainly found by gynecological examinations. The first step in diagnosis is to distinguish between benign, malignant, and physiological. Unilateral cysts with smooth and active surfaces are mostly benign; physiological cysts are generally no larger than 5 cm in diameter; bilateral solid or mixed cystic and solid tumors that grow quickly and are irregular in shape are often malignant and must be differentiated from other pelvic masses such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, adnexitis, and tumors outside the reproductive organs. X-rays, B-ultrasound, laparoscopy, etc. can be used to assist in diagnosis. The main treatment method is surgical resection, and chemotherapy or radiotherapy is required after surgery for malignant tumors. Advanced cancer should also try to surgically remove most of the tumor and then undergo chemotherapy, and some patients still have hope of cure. Regular gynecological examinations should be performed to facilitate early detection and early treatment. Those who have been confirmed to be neoplasms should be surgically removed as soon as possible.