What are the early detection items for lymphoma

Lymphoma, this disease has many different manifestations in specific clinical situations, that is, the diseased parts have many different forms and pains. In terms of examination, doctors generally take samples of some tissues from the patient's diseased parts for examination. So what are the early examination items for lymphoma?

1. Routine blood test and blood smear: Routine blood test is generally normal, but may be combined with anemia of chronic disease. HL may show an increase in PLT, WBC, and eosinophilia. Aggressive NHL invading the bone marrow may cause anemia, a decrease in WBC and PLT, and lymphoma cells may appear in the peripheral blood.
2. Bone marrow smear and biopsy: Bone marrow involvement is rare in HL. NHL invades the bone marrow, and lymphoma cells can be seen in bone marrow smears. The cells are large, rich in chromatin, gray-blue, and obviously abnormal in morphology, and "tailing phenomenon" can be seen; lymphoma cells ≥ 20% are lymphoma leukemia; bone marrow biopsy can show lymphoma cell aggregation and infiltration. Some patients have increased hemophagocytosis and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow smears, which are more common in T-cell NHL.
3. Blood biochemistry: Increased LDH is related to tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. HL may have increased ESR and ALP.
4. Cerebrospinal fluid examination: Patients with moderate to highly aggressive NHL clinical stage III/IV may have central nervous system involvement or central nervous system symptoms and need to undergo cerebrospinal fluid examination, which is manifested by increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased biochemical protein, and increased number of conventional cells, mainly mononuclear cells. Lymphoma cells can be found in pathological examination or flow cytometry.
5. Histopathological examination: The basic pathological morphological changes of HL are the diagnosis of RS cells and their variants in the mixed proliferation background of various inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical characteristics: Classical CD15+, CD30+, CD25+; Nodular lymphocyte-dominated CD19+, CD20+, EMA+, CD15-, CD30-. NHL lymph node or tissue pathology shows destruction of normal lymph node or tissue structure, scattered or diffuse infiltration of tumor cells, and different pathological types have their own unique pathological manifestations and immunophenotypes.
6.TCR or IgH gene rearrangement: may be positive.
In today's article, we introduce six different lymphoma examination methods in detail. We can learn from the article that we need to take different pathological examinations for different patients at different stages of classification. At the same time, the patient's cerebrospinal fluid should also be examined and the number of cells measured.