Causes of malignant teratoma

Speaking of teratoma, I believe you will show an expression that you have never heard of it. After all, this is a disease that is not very common in life. Experts say that teratoma deteriorates quickly. We should go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible when we find it. Then we will introduce to you in detail what is the cause of teratoma?

Causes of teratoma:

During the embryonic period, some tissues or cells with omnipotent development potential escape the control of tissue origin and inducer, separate or fall off from the whole, mix in the individual, cause cell gene mutation and lead to abnormal differentiation, and develop into teratoma; if it happens in the late embryonic period, the cells still have the ability to develop into various tissues of the body, that is, form a teratoma with three germ layer tissues: inner, middle and outer. The tail Hen-Son node is the place where pluripotent cells are concentrated, so sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most common. Keith reported: Parents with teratoma can pass it on to the next generation. In 6 families, 17 people suffered from sacrococcygeal teratoma, and both men and women can get sick, suggesting that the occurrence of sacrococcygeal teratoma is related to genetics.

Pathology of teratoma:

Teratomas are composed of several different types of tissues from 2 or 3 germ layers, so they can contain every type of tissue in the body. The site of occurrence is closely connected to the midline anterior or para-midline area of ​​the viviparous body cavity, such as the sacrum, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and ovaries and testicles. According to the degree of tissue maturity, teratomas can be divided into benign teratomas, malignant teratomas, and mixed teratomas. Teratomas have a tendency to become malignant. As children age, the rate of malignancy gradually increases, especially sacrococcygeal teratomas, which can become malignant within a short period of time after birth. However, there are also malignant teratomas at the onset. Malignant teratomas grow rapidly, easily penetrate the capsule and invade surrounding tissues, and metastasize to lymph nodes, lungs, and bone tissues through lymphatic and blood circulation. Generally, most cystic teratomas are benign. There are more malignant solid tumors. Histological grading of teratomas helps to determine prognosis and guide treatment. Grade 0 or 1 teratomas have a lower chance of becoming malignant and most do not metastasize. Grade 3 teratomas have the greatest chance of becoming malignant.

There are several main risk factors:

1. Compression: The huge benign ovarian cyst fills the entire abdominal cavity, increasing the intra-abdominal pressure and affecting the venous return of the lower limbs, which can lead to edema of the abdominal wall and bilateral lower limbs.

2. Lower abdominal pain: If the tumor has no complications, the patient rarely experiences pain. If there is pain, it is definitely due to the torsion of the tumor pedicle, or occasionally due to tumor rupture, bleeding or infection.

3. Unexplained discomfort in the lower abdomen: Due to the weight of the tumor itself and the influence of intestinal peristalsis and changes in body position, the tumor moves in the pelvic cavity, involving its pedicle and pelvic infundibulum ligament, causing the patient to have a feeling of fullness and falling in the lower abdomen or iliac fossa.

Once a teratoma is diagnosed, early surgical resection is necessary to prevent the malignant transformation of benign teratoma due to delayed surgery, and to prevent infection, rupture, bleeding and complications. The key point of teratoma surgery is to completely remove the tumor (a tumor is an abnormal lesion formed by the loss of normal regulation of the growth of a cell in a local tissue at the genetic level under the action of various carcinogenic factors, resulting in its clonal abnormal proliferation). For ovarian and testicular tumors, one ovary or testicle is removed. For sacrococcygeal teratoma, it is emphasized that the coccyx must be removed at the same time to avoid residual pluripotent cells and cause tumor recurrence.

The above is an explanation of the causes of teratoma, I hope it will be helpful to you. Experts suggest that we should not be afraid of this disease, because fear cannot solve any problems. Only by being strong and actively fighting the disease can we regain our health.