Immunological examination of rectal cancer

In clinical practice, the diagnosis of rectal cancer requires conclusions from relevant examination items. When examining rectal cancer, there are certain requirements for the examination items. So, how should rectal cancer be examined? There are mainly the following types of immunological examinations for rectal cancer.

1. Digital rectal examination

It is a necessary examination step for diagnosing rectal cancer. About 80% of rectal cancer patients can be found through rectal examination. A hard, uneven mass can be felt; in the late stage, the intestinal cavity can be narrowed and the mass can be fixed. The finger cot can be seen with dirty pus and blood containing feces.

2. Rectoscopy

After the digital rectal examination, a colonoscopy should be performed to assist in the diagnosis under direct vision, observe the shape of the mass, the upper and lower edges, and the distance from the anal edge, and take the mass tissue for pathological section examination to determine the nature of the mass and its degree of differentiation. For cancer located in the middle and upper rectum, which cannot be touched by fingers, sigmoidoscopy is a better method.

3. Barium enema, fiber colonoscopy

It is not very helpful in diagnosing rectal cancer, so it is not included in routine examinations and is only used to rule out multiple colorectal tumors.

4. Abdominopelvic CT

It can help us understand the location of the tumor, its relationship with adjacent structures, and whether there is metastasis around the rectum and other parts of the abdominal and pelvic cavity. It is very important for the staging of rectal cancer.

From the above, we can see that the four major items, namely fiber colonoscopy, abdominal and pelvic CT, colonoscopy and rectal digital examination, are the examination items that can be selected when detecting rectal cancer in clinical practice. Patients with rectal cancer also need to undergo the above four examination items to reach a conclusion when seeking medical treatment to diagnose the disease.