Typical symptoms of prostate cancer

Symptoms of prostate cancer: In the early stages of prostate cancer, most prostate cancer patients have no obvious symptoms due to the localization of the tumor. It is often discovered accidentally during a physical examination or in surgical specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia. As the tumor continues to develop, prostate cancer will have a variety of different symptoms, mainly in three aspects:

1. Obstructive symptoms If the prostate cancer progressively enlarges locally and compresses the prostate urethra, the symptoms of prostate cancer may cause urination disorders, which are manifested as progressive dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, pain, and a feeling of incomplete urination. In severe cases, urine dripping and urine retention may occur. These symptoms are similar to those of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which are easy to misdiagnose and miss, delaying the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

2. Local infiltrative symptoms

When prostate cancer metastasizes to the bones, it can cause bone pain at the metastatic site, which is also a common symptom of prostate cancer. Common sites of bone metastasis include the spine, hips, ribs, and shoulder blades. About 60% of advanced patients experience bone pain, which is common in the waist, sacrum, buttocks, hip pelvis. Bone pain has different manifestations. Some patients may experience persistent pain, while some patients experience intermittent pain. Bone pain can be limited to a specific part of the body, or it can manifest as migratory pain in different parts of the body; bone pain may vary at different times of the day and respond differently to rest and activity.

3. For advanced prostate cancer, symptoms of prostate cancer may include fatigue, weight loss, body pain, etc. Because the pain seriously affects diet, sleep and mental state, after long-term torture, the whole body condition becomes weaker and weaker, and anemia progresses, and eventually the whole body fails and cachexia occurs.

Classification of prostate cancer:

1. Latent prostate cancer: refers to the absence of symptoms and signs of prostate disease during life. Latent cancer can occur in any part of the prostate, but is more common in the central and peripheral areas, and is often a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Statistical studies have shown that the incidence of latent prostate cancer may be related to environmental and genetic factors.

2. Incidental prostate cancer: The main clinical symptom is benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the resected hyperplastic prostate tissue, prostate cancer is found by histological examination. Its histological manifestation is well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, mainly tubular adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and a few are poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

3. Occult prostate cancer: The patient has no symptoms or signs of prostate disease, but pathological examination of lymph node biopsy or bone puncture specimens confirms prostate cancer. This can be further confirmed by prostate puncture biopsy. The serum prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase levels of this type of patient. PSA and PAP immunohistochemical staining of biopsy tissue are both positive.

4. Clinical prostate cancer: Clinical examination diagnoses prostate cancer and can be confirmed by biopsy. The patient's serum PSA and PAP can also assist in diagnosis. Most patients can feel prostate nodules during rectal examination, and ultrasound examination shows that the prostate nodules are irregular in shape, uneven in echo and low in echo.