What is the difference between benign and malignant bone cancer

Benign tumors can deteriorate into malignant tumors. What are the differences between malignant tumors and benign tumors? How can we distinguish them?

There is no strict boundary between benign tumors and malignant tumors, but generally speaking there are the following differences.

Benign tumors

1. Growth characteristics

(1) Growth pattern: often expansive or exophytic growth. (2) Growth rate: usually slow growth. (3) Boundary and capsule: clear boundary, often with capsule. (4) Texture and color: texture and color close to normal tissue. (5) Invasiveness: generally non-invasive, a few locally invasive. (6) Metastaticity: no metastasis. (7) Recurrence: complete resection, generally no recurrence.

2. Histological characteristics

(1) Differentiation and atypia: well differentiated, no obvious atypia. (2) Arrangement and polarity: regular arrangement, well-maintained polarity. (3) Number of cells: sparse, few. (4) Nuclear membrane: usually thin. (5) Chromatin: fine, few. (6) Nucleoli: no increase, no enlargement. (7) Nuclear division phase: difficult to see.

Functional metabolism: Except for secretory tumors, metabolism is generally normal.

Impact on the body: Except for growth in vital parts, the impact is generally not significant.

Malignant tumors

1. Growth characteristics

(1) Growth pattern: Mostly invasive. (2) Growth rate: Fast growth, often endless. (3) Boundary and capsule: Unclear boundaries, often no capsule. (4) Texture and color: Usually very different from normal tissue. (5) Invasiveness: Generally, there is invasion and spread. (6) Metastasis: Generally, there is metastasis. (7) Recurrence: If treatment is not timely, recurrence is common.

2. Histological characteristics

(1) Differentiation and atypia: poor differentiation, often with atypia. (2) Arrangement and polarity: disordered polarity, irregular arrangement. (3) Number of cells: abundant and dense. (4) Nuclear membrane: thickened. (5) Chromatin: darkly stained and increased. (6) Nucleoli: coarse and increased in number. (7) Mitotic phase: increased nuclear division or atypical nuclear division.

Functional metabolism: Nucleic acid metabolism is vigorous, enzyme spectrum changes, and abnormal metabolism often occurs.

Impact on the body: No matter where it occurs, it has a great impact on the body and may even cause death.

Warm reminder: Infiltration and metastasis are the main characteristics of malignant tumors. I hope the above article can help you have a deeper understanding of tumors.