What are the surgical treatments for colorectal cancer?

With the development of science and technology, people's lives are getting better and better. With the improvement of the quality of life, many diseases have also come along, such as colorectal cancer. Many people do not understand this disease, or even have never heard of it. In order to let everyone know about this disease and reduce the harm of the disease to the human body, what are the surgical treatments for colorectal cancer? Regarding this issue, let's take a closer look at it.

1. TCM treatment of colorectal cancer

(1) Damp-heat accumulation: Tumors in the anorectum, abdominal pain and distension, increased frequency of bowel movements with mucus, pus and blood, or tenesmus, decreased appetite. Yellow and greasy tongue coating, slippery and rapid pulse. The diet should be light and easy to digest and absorb.

(2) Qi stagnation and blood stasis: common in advanced colorectal cancer.

(3) Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency: The abdomen is uncomfortable, the patient likes to be pressed and warmed, has incontinence, frequent discharge of feces, or anal prolapse, prolapse of cancerous masses, sallow complexion, fear of cold and cold limbs. The tongue is pale, the coating is thin and white, and the pulse is deep, thin and weak. The diet should be a warm and nourishing diet that is easy to digest and absorb and rich in nutrition.

(4) Liver and kidney yin deficiency: dizziness, sore waist and legs, hot flashes or night sweats, thirst and dry throat, dry stool. Red tongue with little or no coating, stringy or weak pulse. Drink porridge or soup that nourishes the liver and kidney and is easy to digest.

(5) Deficiency of both Qi and blood: Emaciation, pale complexion, fatigue, shortness of breath, loose and white stools, and weak pulse. This syndrome is more common in late-stage patients. It is advisable to take a nourishing diet that is easily digestible and rich in nutrients.

2. Western medicine treatment for colorectal cancer:

(1) Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. With the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, various new technologies and new therapies continue to emerge. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, surgery is still the most effective way to treat colorectal cancer. The basic principles of colorectal cancer surgery are consistent with the basic principles of tumor surgery. In summary, they are the three principles of radicality, safety, and functionality. Among them, when the tumor can be removed, the radicality principle must be followed first, followed by safety, and finally the functionality principle must be considered as much as possible.

(2) Radiotherapy for colorectal cancer:

① Preoperative radiotherapy: The status of preoperative radiotherapy in the comprehensive treatment of rectal cancer has been gradually affirmed.

② Postoperative radiotherapy: About half of the patients who died of recurrence and metastasis within 5 years after rectal cancer surgery died of local recurrence. For example, local recurrence in the pelvis, anastomosis, perineum, etc. after rectal cancer surgery can reach 20% to 31% in stage II patients and 40% to 70% in stage III patients. Therefore, how to prevent and treat local recurrence is still the focus of colorectal cancer research. At present, although the reports on the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy are inconsistent, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy after rectal cancer surgery is still the standard auxiliary treatment method.

3. Treatment of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer. After radical resection of colorectal cancer, about 40% of patients will have tumor recurrence and metastasis. Among these patients with recurrence and metastasis, 20% to 31% are local recurrences, and 50% to 70% are distant metastases. In general, colon cancer is prone to distant recurrence, while rectal cancer is prone to local recurrence. About 80% of patients with distant metastasis have lesions limited to the abdomen. The most common distant metastasis site is the liver, followed by the lungs, bones and brain. Less than 15% of patients have recurrent metastatic tumors in a single site and are likely to undergo radical resection again. For local recurrences, the decision of whether to undergo another surgery and the method and scope of surgery should be determined based on the scope of the lesion. For patients with liver metastasis who have no recurrence or metastasis to other sites except the liver, and for patients with lung metastasis who have no recurrence or metastasis to other sites except the lungs, the number and scope of the metastatic lesions will determine whether surgery can be performed, and chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatments will be used. Generally, 20% to 31% of liver metastases and 10% to 20% of lung metastases can be removed surgically. In most reports, the overall 5-year survival rate after resection is 20% to 31%. Therefore, if liver and lung metastases are found during follow-up, surgical resection should be sought as appropriate. For those who cannot be resected, if chemotherapy is effective, some patients may still be able to obtain resection and be cured.

Above, we have summarized several treatment methods for colorectal cancer, hoping to alert everyone. Not only that, colorectal cancer also requires special attention to the occurrence of complications, which are extremely harmful to our body. Therefore, everyone should pay special attention. I hope that the content we summarized above can help everyone understand this disease. Finally, I wish all patients a speedy recovery.