Nursing and prevention of massive bleeding in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal bleeding may occur due to repeated infection, ulceration, necrosis of tumor or mucosa, shedding of necrotic tissue, mucosal congestion and edema during radiotherapy, or mucosal atrophy after radiotherapy. The amount of bleeding may be more or less. Heavy bleeding can cause blood loss of 1000-2000ml in a few minutes, resulting in death. Therefore, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma must be closely observed and alert to heavy bleeding.

prevention:

① Patients should not pick their noses with their hands, and should not sneeze too hard. Patients should not eat fried, spicy or overheated food to avoid congestion of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

②Pay attention to rest, avoid fatigue and mood swings, prevent colds, and seek timely treatment if you have a cough. Take more vitamin C and acidic fruits. Keep bowel movements smooth.

③For those with dry nasal cavity, use cod liver oil to drop into the nose. If there is blood in the mucus, stop nasopharyngeal irrigation.

Bleeding care:

1. If there is a small amount of bleeding, you can press the outside of the nose. If there is a lot of bleeding, seek medical attention immediately. The doctor can use Vaseline gauze to pack the nasal cavity and use hemostatic drugs.

2. In case of severe nasopharyngeal bleeding, notify the doctor immediately, help the patient to turn his head to one side, lie flat without pillow, and use both hands to press the carotid artery to reduce the amount of bleeding. Instruct the patient not to swallow the blood, but to spit it into a noodle box so that the amount of bleeding can be observed. Comfort the patient, stabilize the patient's mood, and eliminate tension and fear.

3. After packing the anterior and posterior nasal cavity, closely observe whether the patient continues to bleed from the anterior and posterior nasal cavity. Observe the blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and body temperature. If the patient is holding his breath and having difficulty breathing, it is likely that he is suffocating. Notify the doctor as soon as possible for rescue.

4. After the vital signs are stable, the patient should be placed in a semi-recumbent position. Strengthen oral hygiene by gargling with 1% hydrogen peroxide and 1/2000 mint saline or Dobest solution alternately 4 times a day. Use chloramphenicol eye drops to prevent infection.