Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors in my country. Although it occurs in many countries and regions in the world, the incidence rate in most parts of the world is relatively low, generally below 1/100,000. Common clinical manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include: nosebleeds and epistaxis, nasal congestion, tinnitus and hearing loss, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy, facial numbness, diplopia, etc. The diagnosis can be based on clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory tests, imaging diagnosis and nasopharyngeal endoscopy, and finally a definitive diagnosis based on pathological examination.

The treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma includes radiotherapy, surgical treatment, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, etc. Radiotherapy is recognized as the first choice for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Most nasopharyngeal carcinomas are poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly sensitive to radiotherapy. Radical radiotherapy can be used for early and middle stage cases, and palliative treatment can be used for advanced cases.

Radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has a certain short-term effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients in the middle and late stages often use chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for patients with distant metastasis in the late stage. Common chemotherapy regimens include PF, CF+5-FU+DDP, with an effective rate of about 90%. Others include PFB, PMB, PFA, CBF, CAB and other regimens. Surgical treatment is only suitable for cases that are insensitive to radiotherapy (high differentiation) and residual or recurrent cases after radiotherapy.

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