Several surgical treatments for rectal cancer

For the treatment of rectal cancer, surgery is still the main treatment method for rectal cancer. There are many surgical treatment methods for rectal cancer. Patients must choose the treatment method according to their own condition. Here are some surgical treatment methods for rectal cancer , hoping to help you.

1. Radical surgery for rectal cancer

1. Anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer: The surgical treatment of rectal cancer is mainly suitable for patients with early rectal cancer whose tumor is 7-11 cm away from the anal margin. Anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer has the advantages of simple operation and short operation time. It also avoids the mental and physical pain brought to patients by permanent artificial anus and many complications caused by artificial anus, and improves the quality of life. Clinically, whether to choose anus-preserving surgery is often determined based on the pathological type of rectal cancer patients, the size of the tumor, and the degree of infiltration and spread. This method aims at radical cure and has a good prognosis. This is a more commonly used surgical treatment for rectal cancer.

2. Abdominoperineal resection: Indications: cancer of the lower rectum, where the distance between the lower edge of the cancer and the anal margin is less than 7 cm. This type of surgery for rectal cancer removes the entire rectum and its adipose lymphatic tissue in the proper fascia, most of the sigmoid colon and its mesentery and lymphatic tissue, the lymphatic tissue at the root of the inferior mesenteric blood vessels before the abdominal aorta, the pelvic floor peritoneum, the rectal lateral ligaments and levator ani muscles, the anal canal, the skin around the anus, the anal sphincter and the adipose lymphatic tissue of the ischiorectal fossa. The blood vessels are ligated and cut off at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery or below the branch of the left colic artery, the corresponding para-arterial lymph nodes are cleared, a permanent colostomy and artificial anus are made in the abdomen, and the perineal wound is sutured in the first stage or packed with gauze. This surgery removes thoroughly and has a high cure rate.

3. Anterior resection of rectal cancer: It is mainly suitable for upper rectal tumors more than 12 cm away from the anal margin. The sigmoid colon and rectum are removed in the abdominal cavity. Its advantages are less traumatic, retaining the anus and good function, and the effect is ideal. This method is not suitable for patients with rectal cancer with larger tumors and a wide range of spread and infiltration of surrounding tissues. It is also clinically called low abdominal resection and extraperitoneal primary anastomosis.

4. Transanal endoscopic local excision (TEM): It is a new method of local excision of rectal cancer developed in recent years. The surgical indication is patients with T1N0M0. This operation is to perform a local extended excision of the local rectal tumor through an anoscope, using a method similar to surgical laparoscopy. With this technology, the surgeon can complete the full-thickness resection of the rectal wall. Due to the high requirements for surgical techniques and equipment and the high price, this type of operation is rarely performed in my country.

2. Palliative Surgery for Rectal Cancer

It is suitable for patients with rectal cancer who can be resected, but are not suitable for radical surgery due to their old age, frailty, severe cardiovascular disease, liver or abdominal distant metastasis, deep local infiltration of rectal tumors or wide metastasis. Palliative treatment can be performed to improve the patient's quality of life and relieve obstruction. Currently, selective resection of the intestinal segment with tumors is often performed clinically, especially for patients with intestinal obstruction, colostomy can be performed when necessary.

3. Local electrocoagulation of tumors

Local electrocoagulation of rectal tumors does not negate the therapeutic effects of other radical surgeries. It mainly selects the corresponding surgical method based on the location, size, infiltration and metastasis of the rectal tumor. The prognosis of the tumor is mainly related to whether local lymph node metastasis occurs. The main shortcoming of local electrocoagulation of tumors in the treatment of rectal cancer is the lack of understanding and knowledge of whether distant metastasis of the lymph nodes occurs.

The above is an introduction to surgical treatments for rectal cancer. Patients should also take good care of themselves after surgery to prevent recurrence. If you want to know more about rectal cancer, please consult online experts.

For more information, please visit the rectal cancer disease special topic at http://www..com.cn/zhongliu/zca/ or consult an expert for free. The expert will then give a detailed answer based on the patient's specific situation.