Causes of hematuria

Hematuria is mainly caused by the presence of red blood cells in daily urine. In addition, the red blood cells in hematuria can be found under a microscope, and the number is more than twice that of normal red blood cells. Therefore, it is a very common factor in daily life. There are also many other reasons for hematuria, which are mainly caused by the urinary system itself, followed by some glomerular diseases and acute and chronic nephritis, accompanied by some symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and incomplete urination.

Hematuria may be caused by stones. At the same time, some hematuria is not accompanied by urinary pain and is mainly painless. In daily life, it may be accompanied by some systemic symptoms. Therefore, in daily life, it is necessary to diagnose and treat it in time. Do not be careless and choose a professional hospital for urogenital surgery treatment.

More than 95% of hematuria is caused by diseases of the urinary system itself, among which glomerular diseases (acute nephritis, rapidly progressive nephritis, membranoproliferative nephritis, mesangial proliferative nephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, etc.), renal cysts, stones (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethral stones), prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infectious diseases (tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, cystourethritis, prostatitis) and tumors (kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate tumors) are the most common. Other diseases such as abnormal coagulation (idiopathic or drug-induced thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, scurvy, etc.), systemic diseases (aplastic anemia, leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc.) can also cause hematuria.

Disease diagnosis first distinguishes different types of hematuria based on the accompanying symptoms of hematuria. If hematuria is accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, and pain, especially pain, it is mostly urinary tract infection, stones, etc., which is called painful hematuria. If hematuria is not accompanied by pain, it is called painless hematuria, which is very common in nephritis, renal tuberculosis, and urinary tract tumors, especially in older patients. If there is macroscopic hematuria and it is painless, attention should be paid to various examinations to rule out malignant lesions.

Other systemic symptoms associated with hematuria can also be used to analyze and distinguish the causes of hematuria. Currently, the examination of urine red blood cell morphology is used to determine the source of hematuria, with a compliance rate of about 90%. The specific method is to take the urine sediment after centrifugation, place it on a glass slide, and use a phase contrast microscope to observe the morphology of red blood cells in the urine. In glomerular hematuria, the red blood cells in the urine are deformed red blood cells, that is, the red blood cells present a variety of forms, such as donut-like, strawberry-like, water-drop-like, and even broken red blood cells, indicating that hematuria is caused by glomerular lesions. In non-glomerular hematuria, the red blood cells in the urine are mostly normal or roughly normal in morphology.

In addition, gross hematuria should be differentiated from hemoglobinuria. Hemoglobinuria is caused by hemolytic diseases. The free hemoglobin content in plasma increases, crosses the renal threshold, is filtered through the glomerulus, and enters the urine. The color of hemoglobinuria can be red, brown, or even black. The differentiation from hematuria mainly relies on a microscope.

The above is an introduction to hematuria and its diagnosis and treatment methods. There are many other cases of hematuria, mainly those existing in the urinary system itself, followed by some glomerular diseases and acute and chronic nephritis, accompanied by some different symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and incomplete urination. You should pay attention to various examinations. For other systemic symptoms accompanied by hematuria, you should choose a professional hospital for urogenital surgery treatment.