What are the treatments for brain cancer?

The incidence of brain cancer is 100,000 per year, often causing limb movement disorders, language dysfunction, visual field damage, etc., seriously affecting people's quality of life and threatening their lives. The current treatment methods mainly include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. The following is an introduction to the treatment methods of brain cancer.

(1) Surgery is currently the most effective method for treating brain cancer, especially for benign tumors; even for malignant tumors, it can prolong life. Indications for surgery are: increased intracranial pressure; local brain tissue compression. Surgical methods include:

•Tumor resection;

•Internal decompression, which involves removing brain tissue around the tumor to reduce intracranial pressure. The removed brain tissue must be limited to non-functional areas of the brain;

•External decompression, which is to remove the skull and cut the dura mater to expand the cranial cavity volume to reduce intracranial pressure. Commonly used methods include decompression under the temporalis muscle, decompression under the occipital muscle and large bone flap decompression;

• Cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery is a surgery performed when hydrocephalus is caused by cerebrospinal fluid obstruction caused by brain cancer, and the hydrocephalus cannot be resolved after surgery or the tumor cannot be removed. Currently, ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is commonly used.

(2) Radiotherapy is mainly used to treat residual tumors after surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy can prevent or delay tumor recurrence and prolong the life of brain cancer patients. Some other tumors that are not suitable for surgery but are sensitive to radiation may be treated with radiotherapy first. Radiotherapy can be divided into internal irradiation and external irradiation.

• In-vivo irradiation: implanting radioactive substances into tumor tissue for internal irradiation can reduce radiation damage to normal tissues. Currently, with the advancement of stereotactic technology, its application is gradually increasing.

•External irradiation method; including ①conventional radiotherapy: irradiating tumors at a long distance outside the skull, while killing tumor cells, it will inevitably cause damage to normal brain tissue. Therefore, how to maximize the dose of irradiation for brain cancer and minimize the damage to normal tissue has always been an important problem that plagues conventional radiotherapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery has solved this problem. ②γ-knife radiotherapy: It was applied in clinical practice in the 1970s. Through computer-assisted stereotactic, γ-rays emitted by 60CO are focused on the diseased tissue from 201 small holes in different directions, with an error of less than 0.1 mm, and little damage to surrounding normal tissue. Its indications include acoustic neuroma, pituitary adenoma, skull base meningioma, brainstem tumor, etc. ③X-knife: It is basically the same as the principle of γ-knife, and its rays are X-rays, which have the advantages of low radiation pollution, low cost, and can be treated in multiple times.

The above is an introduction to the treatment of brain cancer. I hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always ready to answer your questions and give you more detailed guidance. I wish you health and happiness!

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