What factors are related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer includes colon cancer and rectal cancer, and is a common malignant tumor. This disease is more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of about 1.65:1. The age of onset is about 75% between 31 and 60 years old, with the peak of onset at around 45 years old, but young-onset colorectal cancer under 30 years old is not uncommon. The characteristics of the disease in my country are: the age of onset of colorectal cancer is about 10 years earlier than that in Europe and the United States, and young-onset colorectal cancer is more common than in Europe and the United States; colorectal cancer is common in the lower part of the colon, and nearly half of the cases seen in China are located in the rectum, which is higher than the incidence of rectal cancer in Europe and the United States. Let us tell you what are the pathogenic factors of colorectal cancer.

The cause of colorectal cancer is still unclear, but it may be related to the following factors:

(1) Dietary factors: The incidence of colorectal cancer varies greatly in different countries and regions. It is generally believed that high-fat diets and insufficient dietary fiber are the main causes of the disease. A high-fat diet, especially one containing saturated fatty acids, increases the amount of bile acid and cholesterol in the intestines. Under the action of intestinal bacteria, the metabolites of these two substances may be pathogenic substances of colorectal cancer. Dietary fiber (such as cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) can dilute intestinal residues, increase the amount of feces, speed up the emptying of feces from the intestines, and reduce the chance of contact between carcinogens and the colorectal mucosa. Therefore, eating fiber-rich foods can reduce the chance of colorectal cancer.

(2) Colon polyps: According to statistics, the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with colon polyps is about 5 times higher than that in patients without colon polyps. Colon polyps are mainly tubular adenomas and papillary adenomas (also called villous adenomas). Histopathology has confirmed that colon adenomas can become cancerous, especially the latter, with a canceration rate of up to 40% to 50%. Familial multiple colon polyposis has an even higher incidence of canceration.

(3) Chronic colorectal inflammation: The incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis is 5 to 10 times higher than that in the normal population. The incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with chronic bacterial dysentery, chronic amoebic enteropathy, and Crohn's disease is higher than that in the control population of the same age. It is believed that during the process of inflammatory proliferation, inflammatory polyps can often form and then become cancerous, but the time required is longer and the incidence of colorectal cancer is lower than that of colon polyps. After radiotherapy, female reproductive system cancer often causes radiation proctocolitis, and a few may become cancerous. Chronic schistosomiasis may cause chronic ulcers of the intestinal mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, and inflammatory polyp formation due to the deposition of intestinal worm eggs and toxin stimulation, which may lead to cancer.

(4) Other factors: Nitrosamine compounds may be one of the pathogenic factors of colorectal cancer. Molybdenum is an indispensable component in the action of nitrate reductase. When the molybdenum content in the soil is reduced or lacking, nitrates can accumulate in plants. Nitrates are the precursors of nitrosamines. Primary and acquired immunodeficiency can also be pathogenic factors of this disease.

The above is some knowledge about the causative factors of colorectal cancer that we have prepared for you today. We hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always here to answer your questions.

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