What are the high-risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is very malignant, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and is known as the "king of cancer". With the development of the economy, the destruction of the environment, and the increase in bad living habits, the incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased year by year worldwide. The annual incidence of pancreatic cancer in my country is 5.1/100,000, which is three times higher than 20 years ago. The incidence in central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Harbin is close to the level of high-incidence countries such as Europe and the United States; the mortality rate increased by 63% in the 10 years from 1991 to 2000. The cause of pancreatic cancer is not very clear at present, and its occurrence and development is a complex and multi-stage process. The currently recognized view is that heavy smoking, drinking, meat, diabetes, etc. are related risk factors for pancreatic cancer in the Han population. Smoking accounts for 30% of the causes of pancreatic cancer, genetic factors account for 10%, dietary factors account for 20%, and 40% are unknown. In other words, preventive measures such as simply quitting smoking and eating a reasonable diet to change bad habits are expected to reduce the occurrence of pancreatic cancer by 50%.

Smoking: Smokers have a three-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared to non-smokers, and those who smoke ≥25 cigarettes a day have four times the risk of non-smokers. For lifelong smokers, the more they smoke in the last 15 years of their lives, the greater their risk of pancreatic cancer. Studies have shown that not only active smoking is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but passive smoking is also related to the onset of pancreatic cancer. However, after quitting smoking for 10 years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer can be reduced to the level of normal people.

Chronic pancreatitis: All types of chronic pancreatitis can develop into pancreatic cancer. The risk of cancer is mainly related to the duration of pancreatitis, but not to its severity and scope. The risk of chronic pancreatitis developing into pancreatic cancer accumulates 2% every 10 years, and the risk is higher for older patients than for younger ones. The peak age of pancreatic cancer is 10 to 20 years after the onset of chronic pancreatitis. Smoking can double the risk of hereditary pancreatitis patients and advance the onset of the disease by 20 years.

Diabetes: Studies have found that diabetes is associated with pancreatic cancer and may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. 60% to 81% of pancreatic cancer patients show decreased glucose tolerance or diabetes. The question is whether diabetes is a cause of pancreatic cancer or an early clinical manifestation of pancreatic cancer, which needs further study.

Genetic factors: Studies have found that 7.8% of pancreatic cancer cases have a family history, while only 0.6% of the control group has a family history. In families with 2 or more cases of pancreatic cancer, the relative risk of first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and children) developing pancreatic cancer is about 18, while for families with 3 or more cases, it is as high as 57. The risk of pancreatic cancer in first-degree relatives of pancreatic cancer is 3 to 5 times higher than that of the normal population, and smokers have an 8-fold increase.

Diet and nutritional factors: A high-fat, high-cholesterol diet promotes the occurrence of pancreatic cancer. There are reports that high-salt, air-dried, fried, condensed milk, and soy foods may also increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, but there is no definitive conclusion yet.

Coffee: Studies have shown that drinking a small amount of coffee can prevent pancreatic cancer, but drinking a large amount of coffee is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

The risk of pancreatic cancer is 2 to 3 times greater for people who drink more than 18 cups of coffee per week. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in people who drink more than 7 cups of coffee per week is twice as high.

Drinking: The effect of alcoholic beverages on the incidence of pancreatic cancer is also controversial. Some studies have shown that people who drink more than 10 times a month have a higher risk of pancreatic cancer than those who drink less than 10 times a month.

The risk is three times higher for alcohol drinkers, and three times higher for long-term beer drinkers than for the control group, while there is no difference between wine drinkers and the control group.

Cholelithiasis: Studies have shown that cholelithiasis is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. High cholesterol and high-fat diet may be the cause of cholelithiasis and pancreatic cancer. Cholelithiasis can cause pancreatitis due to bile duct obstruction and bile stasis. Therefore, cholelithiasis may cause chronic inflammation of the pancreaticobiliary duct and develop into pancreatic cancer through the synergistic effect with diet.

Reproductive history: Studies have found that women who have their first menarche at the age of less than 11 years have a three-fold risk of pancreatic cancer compared to the control group. The risk of nulliparous women seems to be higher than that of multiparous women. Giving birth to more than three children is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and the age of the first child is less than 20 years or ≥ 30 years. The mechanism of occurrence may be due to changes in hormone levels in the body induced by pregnancy.

Occupational factors: People working in the metal decontamination and dry cleaning industries have a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer, which may be related to the use of chlorocarbon solvents.

The above are the high-risk factors for pancreatic cancer introduced by experts. Expert Tips: If you have symptoms of disease, you can choose the appropriate treatment according to your symptoms, but do not delay diagnosis, and do not let your life be ruined by hesitation. You should go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation. Believe in miracles, and wish you health, happiness, and joy!

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