Gram-positive bacilli Gb

I believe that many patients are unaware of the pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacilli Gb. They don’t even know what kind of bacteria this is, so you lack the ability to prevent it. If we want to better prevent pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria, we need to know the causes and manifestations of this disease, so we recommend that you learn more about the following content and some related information.

Gram-positive bacillus pneumonia is caused by infection with Gram-positive bacilli. The elderly are particularly susceptible to Gram-positive bacillus pneumonia due to their low immune function. It is also common in newborns, pregnant women and other patients. Clinical manifestations: sudden onset, chills, and high fever. Difficulty breathing, extremely high mortality rate, and pulmonary anthrax are common diseases.

Gram-positive rods include Bacillus, Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Erysipelothrix. Except for a few pathogenic bacteria, most Gram-positive bacteria are non-pathogenic. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus in the genus Bacillus are widely distributed in dust, water and air and are basically non-pathogenic. Among them, Bacillus anthracis in the Bacillus genus can cause pulmonary anthrax, which is currently relatively rare.

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1. Routine blood test: The peripheral white blood cell count of anthrax patients is significantly increased, generally (10-20)×109/L, and can be as high as (60-80)×109/L. Classification of neutrophils.

2. Bacteriological diagnosis relies on direct smear examination or culture isolation of anthrax bacteria from wound secretions, skin eschar, sputum, blood, vomitus, feces and cerebrospinal fluid.

(1) Direct smear examination: Specimens collected from the infected area, such as blister fluid from patients with skin anthrax, sputum from patients with pulmonary anthrax, diarrhea or vomitus from patients with intestinal anthrax, and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis, are directly smeared and Gram-stained. A preliminary diagnosis can be made by observing typical anthrax bacteria and combining them with clinical manifestations. Anthrax spores can be identified microscopically by staining with methylene blue or India ink.

(2) The positive rate of blood culture for bacterial culture identification is high, but the positive rate of skin lesion tissue is 60% to 80%, and the positive rate of nasopharyngeal swab culture is even lower. Identification: ① Bead test: The morphology of anthrax bacteria changes in 0.05-0.1U/ml penicillin culture medium, forming spherical bacteria in the shape of beads, connected like rosary beads, while anthrax-like bacteria do not have this reaction. ② Positive bicarbonate toxicity test: Toxic strains form capsules and are mucous; non-toxic strains do not form capsules and appear as rough colonies. There have been reports of penicillin resistance in clinical practice, so it is necessary to perform drug sensitivity tests on cultured colonies, especially for anthrax cases related to bioterrorism.

(3) Serological examination: Serological diagnostic value is relatively small and is generally used in epidemiological surveys, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for spore antigens. If the antibody titer increases by 4 times, it indicates recent infection or vaccination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or indirect hemagglutination assay for protective antibodies can also be used to assist in diagnosis.

(4) Molecular biological examination: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can specifically amplify anthrax Bacillus or anthrax spore-specific markers, which can be used for diagnosis and typing to help determine the source of infection. The main target genes for PCR diagnosis are genes encoding virulence factors. 3. Other auxiliary examinations: X-ray examinations show lung infiltration, mediastinal widening, pleural effusion, etc.

It is easier to diagnose the disease when it occurs in an epidemic area, but it is difficult to diagnose sporadic cases. Large, encapsulated, Gram-positive rods may be seen in sputum smears. Sputum culture can confirm the diagnosis of anthrax bacteria.

Common complications include sepsis, meningitis, shock, respiratory and circulatory failure, etc.