Is sodium chloride normal saline?

Normal saline is a very common thing in daily life and has a wide range of uses. However, normal saline is mostly used for infusion. Although normal saline has a wide range of uses, most people are not aware of the preparation steps of normal saline. In fact, the preparation steps of normal saline are also very simple, but the uses are different, and the preparation ratios and methods are also different. However, if you need to use normal saline, you must use it under the guidance of a doctor.

Normal saline is a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Take 0.9 g of sodium chloride in a container, add 100 ml of distilled water, stir until completely dissolved, and sterilize in a high-pressure steam sterilizer at 121°C for 30 minutes. Here are some common methods for preparing saline:

1. Conventional method for preparing physiological saline

1. Take sodium chloride and add water for injection to make a 20% concentrated solution;

2. Add activated carbon, stir well, and let stand at below 10°C;

3. Roughly filter to remove carbon and dilute to a sodium chloride concentration of 0.9 g;

4. Adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5, filter with G4, divide into packages, and sterilize by hot pressing.

Note: Both intermediates and finished products must be tested for content. Finished saline solution can be used after passing the quality inspection.

2. Preparation of Locke's saline solution

Raw materials: 9.0 g sodium chloride, 0.1-0.3 g sodium bicarbonate, 0.42 g potassium chloride, and 0.24 g calcium chloride.

Preparation method :

1. Dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in a small amount of distilled water respectively, mix them and add distilled water to 980 ml;

2. Dissolve calcium chloride in 20 ml of distilled water and add it dropwise to the above solution.

Scope of application: The above saline solution is used for warm-blooded animals, especially mammals.

3. Preparation of Ringer's saline

Raw materials: 6.5 g sodium chloride, 0.2 g sodium bicarbonate, 0.14 g potassium chloride, 0.01 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.12 g calcium chloride.

Preparation method:

1. Dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a small amount of distilled water respectively, mix them and dilute them to 980 ml with distilled water;

2. Then take calcium chloride and dissolve it in 20 ml of distilled water. Add the calcium chloride solution drop by drop into the above solution, stirring while adding to avoid the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate precipitate.

Scope of application: This saline solution is used for poikilothermic animals, especially amphibians.

Concentration of saline solution

It can be divided into three types according to concentration: low, standard and high concentration. Among them, high-concentration saline is rarely used in medical treatment, but is often used in the field of molecular biology.

Standard saline solution is a sodium chloride solution commonly used in physiology or clinical practice with an osmotic pressure equal to that of animal or human plasma. Its concentration is 0.67-0.70% when used for amphibians and 0.85-0.90% when used for mammals and humans. Because its osmotic pressure value is roughly the same as that of normal human plasma and tissue fluid, it can be used for fluid replacement and other medical purposes. It is also often used for in vitro culture of living tissues and cells. The following are the saline concentrations required for various animals:

1. Mammals: The required saline concentration is 0.9%. Weigh 0.9 g of sodium chloride, dissolve it in a small amount of distilled water, and dilute to 100 ml.

2. Birds: The required saline concentration is 0.75%. Weigh 0.75 g of sodium chloride, dissolve it and dilute it to 100 ml with distilled water.

3. Amphibians: The required saline concentration is 0.65%. Weigh 0.65 g of sodium chloride, dissolve it and dilute it to 100 ml with distilled water.