Symptoms of drug overdose

When it comes to the issue of drug abuse, the first reaction is that it is illegal, because drug abuse needs to be regulated in China, and drug abuse will inhibit breathing and affect the heart, which will have a great impact on patients. Therefore, in China we also have professional anti-drug police to solve this problem for us. People who overdose on drugs often experience hallucinations, and may even cause organ failure and damage, which will eventually put their lives in danger.

Summary: Patients with drug overdose suffer respiratory depression and cardiac arrest, and rescue efforts should be implemented as soon as possible. In actual rescue work, training, implementation and teamwork are all indispensable. Currently, the certification period for basic life support and advanced life support courses is 2 years.

First aid and nursing care

Endotracheal intubation. The patient should lie flat with the head tilted to one side. Check and remove foreign objects and secretions in the patient's mouth to prevent the tongue from falling back and blocking the airway. Use a simple breathing bag to connect oxygen for pressurized oxygen inhalation in time, then intubate and provide ventilator-assisted ventilation. Before tracheal intubation, closely observe changes in vital signs and monitor heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the oxygen partial pressure was 65 mmHg. The oxygen flow was adjusted to 10 L per minute to increase the blood oxygen content, and the hypoxic condition was observed at any time for improvement. After tracheal intubation, fix the tube with a tracheal tube holder, accurately record the scale of the tube at the incisor as 24cm, and observe at any time to prevent the tube from moving. Suction sputum effectively and provide good airway and oral care.

Determine the cause of respiratory depression promptly. After the consultation, we cooperated with the doctor to understand the patient's condition and quickly examined the patient. We found that the patient had injection scars along the veins on his upper limbs. The scars had pigmentation and signs of infection, and were of varying ages and had fresh needle marks. Therefore, we gave priority to considering that it was caused by drug overdose.

Establish intravenous access and administer drugs in a timely manner using the drug antagonist naloxone hydrochloride and the pressor drug dopamine. Establish two intravenous accesses and use indwelling needles to facilitate the use of drugs during rescue. Naloxone hydrochloride is a derivative of hydroxydihydromorphone, a pure morphine receptor antagonist, and an endogenous opioid that can relieve the symptoms of opioid poisoning, block the respiratory inhibitory effect of 8-endorphin in respiratory failure, increase respiratory rate and ventilation volume, improve cerebral hypoxia and reduce cerebral edema. Naloxone has a definite and reliable efficacy with few side effects and is easy to use. After taking the medicine, observe the recovery of consciousness and spontaneous breathing and keep good records.

ECG monitoring, symptomatic and supportive therapy to maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, maintain adequate urine output, keep warm, observe consciousness, pupil changes, degree of skin cyanosis and mental state. Provide ECG, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, accurately record changes in vital signs, and dynamically monitor blood gas analysis. Record intake and output and rescue nursing measures in a timely manner.

Psychological care. After the drug addict regained consciousness, he did not like to talk to medical staff, was fearful, behaved aggressively, and refused to cooperate with various examinations and treatments, which made treatment and care difficult.

Therefore, a special person is arranged to take care of the patient to eliminate the patient's sense of unfamiliarity. At the same time, the nurse and the patient's family should communicate in a timely manner, because the family's anger, hatred and worry about the patient are transferred to the medical staff, resulting in distrust and misunderstanding, which affects the normal medical order.

At this time, the nurse should handle the problem calmly and provide targeted explanations and comfort. At the same time, learn about the patient's personality traits and living habits from his family members, and carefully observe the patient's emotional changes. Accept and understand him psychologically, dispel the patient's doubts with a kind attitude, friendly language, and patient and meticulous care, win the patient's trust, thereby reducing the patient's psychological pressure, and actively cooperate with the doctor to complete follow-up treatment.