Does sperm contain bacteria?

There are no bacteria in healthy semen. Of course, if there is prostatitis or seminal vesiculitis, there will often be some bacteria in the semen. This is also a common manifestation of the disease. If there is a problem with the semen, it will often affect the quality and quantity of sperm. For example, there will be oligospermia, azoospermia or weak sperm, which will lead to male infertility. For men who want to have children, the harm is relatively large.

It is sterile at the moment it is ejaculated from the seminal vesicle, but after passing through the urethra it is inevitably contaminated by bacteria. But this does not hinder normal fertilization.

What diseases are related to abnormal semen?

1. Testicular diseases

The incidence of azoospermia is significantly increased in people with a history of poor testicular descent (i.e., testicles that fail to descend normally into the scrotum). The incidence of azoospermia in those with bilateral poor testicular descent is twice as high as that in those with unilateral poor testicular descent. Even if these patients have sperm, the semen quality is abnormal, especially the oligospermia rate is significantly increased.

2. Other systemic diseases

Mumps occurring around puberty can increase the incidence of azoospermia and may be accompanied by a higher likelihood of abnormal semen. The sperm density of those who develop the disease after puberty is significantly lower than that of those who have not developed the disease or those who develop the disease before puberty. Only 4.4% of mumps patients have concurrent orchitis, which usually occurs after puberty. Orchitis, especially bilateral orchitis, significantly affects semen quality and may cause azoospermia. Whether it is unilateral or bilateral orchitis, the incidence of semen abnormalities increases. In short, when mumps is combined with orchitis, it will have an adverse effect on fertility.

3. Urogenital tract diseases

In the entire population, the incidence of azoospermia is similar between those with sexually transmitted diseases and those without such diseases, but the incidence of abnormal semen analysis is significantly higher in the former than in the latter. Sexually transmitted diseases do not appear to affect sperm concentration, which means they do not cause narrowing or blockage of the vas deferens. Patients with sexually transmitted diseases generally show decreased sperm motility, which is related to disorders of accessory gland function, especially epididymitis.

Urogenital system inflammation is often accompanied by urethral symptoms, including dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, hematuria and dysuria. These patients often have abnormal semen quality, especially low sperm morphology and motility. Among patients with urinary system symptoms, 27% had abnormal prostatic fluid test results, or abnormal semen bacteriological or biochemical examinations, indicating that some of them suffered from accessory gland inflammation.

4. Effects of long-term medication

Long-term medication here refers to those that may affect fertility. The azoospermia rate in this type of patients is significantly higher, but the proportion of semen abnormalities is not significantly increased, which confirms that some drugs have an inhibitory effect on spermatogenesis, but not a long-term complete inhibition. Such as various cytotoxic and anti-tumor drugs, certain sulfonamides, etc.