What is the definition of nephrotic syndrome

There are many causes of nephrotic syndrome. The main symptom is the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, which leads to increased or low protein levels. It also causes severe edema in patients and induces hyperlipidemia. Clinically, nephrotic syndrome is divided into three types: primary, secondary, and hereditary. So what is the definition of nephrotic syndrome?

First, what is the definition of nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a very troublesome disease related to the immune system. Its clinical manifestations include hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, etc., which require early treatment and improvement. Patients need to take hormone drugs to control the condition as soon as possible, and they need to get a good rest, not stay up late, eat a low-salt, low-fat diet, and have regular checkups to understand the situation.

Second, the definition of nephrotic syndrome, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: It is common in adolescents, with typical skin purpura, which may be accompanied by joint pain, abdominal pain and melena. Hematuria and (or) proteinuria often appear about 1 to 4 weeks after the rash appears. The typical rash helps in differentiation. Systemic lupus erythematosus: It is common in adolescents and middle-aged women. It is characterized by clinical manifestations of multi-system damage and immunological examinations showing multiple antibodies. It is generally not difficult to identify.

Third, hepatitis B virus-related nephritis: It is common in children and adolescents, with proteinuria or NS as the main clinical manifestations. The diagnosis in China is based on the following three points: ① Serum HBV antigen is positive; ② Suffering from glomerulonephritis, and secondary glomerulonephritis such as lupus erythematosus can be excluded; ③ HBV antigen is found in the renal biopsy section. Diabetic nephropathy: It is common in middle-aged and elderly people, and is common in diabetic patients with a disease course of more than 5 years. In the early stage, increased urinary microalbumin excretion can be found, which gradually develops into massive proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. A history of diabetes and characteristic fundus changes can help in differential diagnosis.

? Renal amyloidosis: It is common in middle-aged and elderly people. Renal amyloidosis is part of the multi-organ involvement of the whole body. Primary amyloidosis mainly affects the heart, kidneys, digestive tract (including tongue), skin and nerves; secondary amyloidosis often occurs secondary to chronic suppurative infections, tuberculosis, malignant tumors and other diseases, mainly affecting organs such as the kidneys, liver and spleen. When the kidneys are affected, they increase in size and often present as NS. Renal amyloidosis often requires a renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Myeloma nephropathy: It is common in middle-aged and elderly people, more common in men. Patients may have characteristic clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma, such as bone pain, increased serum monoclonal immunoglobulin, positive M protein in protein electrophoresis and Bence Jones protein in urine, and bone marrow images showing abnormal proliferation of plasma cells. NS may occur when the glomeruli are involved. For this problem of nephrotic syndrome definition, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital for treatment.