What does increased sugar metabolism mean

The body is in a state of balance. Any substance that is too much or too little will cause harm to the body. If the body's sugar metabolism is impaired, problems are likely to occur. Even if you eat more sugar, the sugar is not converted in the body and the body will still lack this substance. People with normal physique must have a balanced diet. If the body lacks trace elements, you must go to the hospital for treatment in time.

Glucose metabolism disorders refer to abnormal structures, functions, and concentrations of hormones or enzymes that regulate the metabolism of glucose, fructose, galactose, etc., or pathophysiological changes in tissues and organs. Monitoring blood sugar will show elevated blood sugar levels. Clinically important disorders of glucose metabolism are primarily hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Treatment requires finding the primary disease that causes the glucose metabolism disorder and treating the cause.

Certain diseases, obesity, high-fat diet, or congenital factors may cause abnormalities in the structure, function, or concentration of hormones or enzymes that regulate sugar metabolism, or cause tissue or organ lesions. Common diseases and typical symptoms:

1. Diabetes

Absolute insulin deficiency and/or reduced biological effect of insulin lead to metabolic disorders such as increased blood sugar, as well as chronic complications such as vascular and neurological complications.

2. Hypoglycemia

Many reasons can cause plasma glucose to drop below 2.8mmol/L (50mg/dL), such as excessive insulin secretion from islet cell tumors, excessive use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin, decreased pituitary-adrenal cortex function, long-term hunger, long-term heavy drinking, severe liver disease, and malignant tumors.

3. Fructose metabolism disorder

Fructose is an important source of sugar in the diet. The liver, kidneys and small intestine are the main sites of fructose metabolism, and adipose tissue is also involved in its metabolism.

4. Glycogen storage disease

The lack of certain enzymes in the glycogenolysis process causes glycogen to accumulate in large quantities in organs such as the liver, muscles, and kidneys, causing hypertrophy and dysfunction of these organs and causing related diseases.

5. Galactose metabolism disorder

It is usually seen in newborns. There are currently two known autosomal recessive genetic diseases, caused by deficiencies of 1-phosphogalactose uridylyltransferase and galactokinase, respectively. Patients with this disease should eat galactose-free foods as their staple food, otherwise it may lead to progressive liver failure and death.

6. Pyruvate metabolism disorder

Pyruvate metabolism is an important part of glucose metabolism. Pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and acetyl-CoA, while pyruvate carboxylase promotes the formation of oxaloacetate from carbon dioxide and pyruvate. Congenital deficiency of either of these two enzymes can hinder pyruvate metabolism. The accumulation of pyruvate and its derivatives (lactic acid, etc.) in the blood can cause nervous system diseases such as ataxia, childish movements, mental retardation, dementia and lactic acidosis. Infection can also reduce the activity of these two enzymes. Pyruvate metabolism disorders may be secondary to vitamin B deficiency, shock, etc.