What is the reason for pain in the middle of the abdomen

There are many reasons for abdominal pain, which should be judged based on individual circumstances. Gastroenteritis can cause abdominal pain, symptoms such as lack of energy, fever, dehydration, acidosis or shock bleeding. Frequent intermittent abdominal pain, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are the main manifestations of this disease. If you experience the above symptoms, you should go to a regular hospital for treatment in time. The following editor will show you the causes and treatments of gastroenteritis.

Causes

Infectious gastroenteritis can be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Toxins and drugs can cause chemical gastroenteritis. Viral infection is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. There are many viruses that can cause gastroenteritis, the most common of which is rotavirus, followed by Norwalk virus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus.

Common routes of infection include: food (especially seafood), contaminated water sources, contact with infected people, unclean tableware, and not washing hands before eating.

Clinical manifestations

The type and severity of gastroenteritis symptoms depend on the type and amount of the microorganism or toxin. The most common symptom is diarrhea. Other symptoms include: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, weight loss (which may be a sign of dehydration), heavy sweating, cold and clammy skin, muscle pain or joint stiffness, fecal incontinence, etc.

Severe vomiting and diarrhea can quickly lead to dehydration, the symptoms of which include weakness, extreme thirst, oliguria or darker urine, dry skin, dry mouth, sunken eyes, and infants may cry with fewer tears. Severe vomiting or diarrhea can cause hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypotension, etc. Patients who drink large amounts of water with little or no salt to replenish their fluids are particularly susceptible to hyponatremia. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are potentially dangerous, particularly in seriously ill, debilitated, very young, or elderly patients; severe cases may result in shock and renal failure.

examine

Gastroenteritis is usually diagnosed based on symptoms, but the cause is often not obvious. If symptoms are severe or persistent, a stool culture may be done to detect bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Patients suspected of severe dehydration should be monitored carefully for electrolytes and renal function.

diagnosis

1. History of contact with the source of the disease is an important diagnostic feature: potentially contaminated food, unclean, untreated or contaminated drinking water, contact with patients with the same symptoms, and travel to epidemic areas are all primary suspicious features for diagnosis.

2. Further diagnosis requires culture of blood, vomitus, and stool, and counting of white blood cells and eosinophils.

3. Other possible diseases should be carefully excluded.

treat

Treatment of gastroenteritis should include fasting and correction of water and electrolyte imbalance. Usually, all that is needed is bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids (such as oral rehydration salts). Even patients who are vomiting should drink as much fluid as possible. Breastfeeding infants should continue to breastfeed. If vomiting or diarrhea persists or if dehydration is severe, intravenous rehydration may be necessary. Antiemetics may be used when vomiting is severe. If diarrhea persists for more than 24 to 48 hours and there is no evidence of a more serious bacterial infection, antidiarrheal drugs may be added. Antiemetics and antidiarrheal drugs are generally not recommended for children.

Because antibiotics may cause diarrhea or promote the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, they are usually not recommended even if the pathogen of gastroenteritis has been identified. However, antibiotics may be used for infections caused by certain pathogens (such as Campylobacter, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, etc.) or for patients with traveler's diarrhea.

Antibiotics are not effective for gastroenteritis caused by viral infections. Gastroenteritis caused by parasitic infections requires the use of antiparasitic drugs.