How to treat phlebolithiasis

Phlebolithiasis is a very common disease in daily life. It not only causes great harm to the patient's physical health, but also seriously affects the patient's normal life and work. Therefore, it is particularly important to have a certain understanding of this disease and find scientific and effective treatment methods. In addition, related examinations such as D2 aggregate and lower limb venous color Doppler ultrasound are required.

1. Features

X-ray signs of calcified venous thrombus. It is common in pelvic venous plexus and soft tissue hemangiomas. X-ray films show that pelvic varicose stones are small, appearing as round, annular or concentric circles with neat edges. They are often multiple and bilateral, and tend to be located on the lower and outer sides of the pelvis. The appearance of phleboliths in hemangiomas is the same as that of pelvic phleboliths, but their size and distribution are uneven and they are accompanied by soft tissue masses.

2. Pathology

Phleboliths are calcified plaques on the inner wall of a vein. The diameter of the vein does not change, but the lumen is narrowed due to foreign matter. It may cause poor reflux. Generally, it only causes local symptoms and will not cause serious health problems. The treatment for phlebolithiasis mainly includes surgery and interventional treatment.

Phleboliths are calcium deposits in venous thrombus

Symptoms

Phlebotomy can occur like thrombosis:

1. When the blood vessel is blocked and the lumen is not completely blocked by thrombus, it can cause ischemia and atrophy of local organs. If it is completely blocked or causes insufficient blood supply and lacks effective collateral circulation, it can cause ischemic necrosis of local organs. Such as cerebral artery thrombosis causing cerebral infarction, coronary artery thrombosis causing

Myocardial infarction, thromboangiitis obliterans causing gangrene of the affected limb, etc. After venous thrombosis, if effective collateral circulation is not established, it will cause local congestion, edema, bleeding, and even necrosis. For example, mesenteric vein thrombosis can lead to hemorrhagic infarction. Superficial venous thrombosis of the limbs usually does not cause clinical symptoms due to the rich collateral circulation of the veins.

2. Embolism: Before the thrombus is firmly adhered to the blood vessel wall, the whole or part of the thrombus may fall off to form an embolus, which flows with the blood and causes embolism. If the embolus contains bacteria, it can cause septic infarction or embolic abscess in the embolic tissue.

3. Heart valve deformation and heart valve thrombosis can cause valve adhesion and valve stenosis. If fibrous tissue proliferates and then scar contracts during the organization process, it can cause valvular insufficiency, which is seen in rheumatic endocarditis and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

4. Extensive microthrombosis in the microcirculation, namely DIC, can cause extensive systemic bleeding and shock.

How to treat phlebolithiasis

Phlebolithiasis may be caused by calcification of blood clots in the veins. It is recommended to go to the vascular surgery department of a larger hospital for treatment. After the treatment, explain your purpose to the doctor first, then undergo D2 aggregate, color Doppler ultrasound of the lower limb veins and other examinations. If necessary, consider angiography, and then decide based on the results of the examination whether to use anticoagulant treatment with drugs such as low molecular weight heparin or whether to use surgical treatment.